国家大剧院深基坑地下水控制设计及施工技术

国家大剧院基坑地下水控制是大剧院工程的三大难题之一,也是专家们讨论的焦点。经过水文地质试验和充分论证,确定了地下水控制方案和施工方法,即采用反循环成井工艺施工引渗井,将上层滞水和潜水引渗到第一层承压含水层中消纳,保证第一步基坑开挖至-15 7m;在-15 7m位置采用连续墙阻隔第一层承压水,并使用旋挖钻机在槽内施工降水井,疏干槽内承压含水层并进行越流补给控制,保证基坑开挖至-26m;在歌剧院台仓局部加深部份(-32 5m),采用封闭布设减压井,解决基坑开挖和台仓地下结构施工时基坑突涌的问题;最后采用特殊的封井技术,将井管内高于槽底约10m的承压水头封堵在槽底以下0 5m,安全截断井管,保证了基础施工。     

湖南通道"百里侗文化旅游长廊"开发研究

侗文化是中华民族文化中的一块瑰宝,通道侗族自治县是中国侗文化的典型代表。通道县侗族民居、侗族建筑、侗族民风民俗种类丰富,特色鲜明,保存完整,为通道县发展旅游经济提供了重要的资源基础。文中客观分析了湖南通道"百里侗文化旅游长廊"开发的竞争优势和不利条件,从空间结构、开发定位、开发方向、开发重点、区域合作、侗文化保护等方面,提出了湖南通道"百里侗文化旅游长廊"开发思路。     

Assessing spatial and attribute errors in large national datasets for population distribution models: a case study of Philadelphia county schools

Geospatial technologies and digital data have developed and disseminated rapidly in conjunction with increasing computing efficiency and Internet availability. The ability to store and transmit large datasets has encouraged the development of national infrastructure datasets in geospatial formats. National datasets are used by numerous agencies for analysis and modeling purposes because these datasets are standardized and considered to be of acceptable accuracy for national scale applications. At Oak Ridge National Laboratory a population model has been developed that incorporates national schools data as one of the model inputs. This paper evaluates spatial and attribute inaccuracies present within two national school datasets, Tele Atlas North America and National Center of Education Statistics (NCES). Schools are an important component of the population model, because they are spatially dense clusters of vulnerable populations. It is therefore essential to validate the quality of school input data. Schools were also chosen since a validated schools dataset was produced in geospatial format for Philadelphia County; thereby enabling a comparison between a local dataset and the national datasets. Analyses found the national datasets are not standardized and incomplete, containing 76 to 90 percent of existing schools. The temporal accuracy of updating annual enrollment values resulted in 89 percent inaccuracy for 2003. Spatial rectification was required for 87 percent of NCES points, of which 58 percent of the errors were attributed to the geocoding process. Lastly, it was found that by combining the two national datasets, the resultant dataset provided a more useful and accurate solution.     

National and transnational borderlanders’ attitudes towards the security fence between Israel and the Palestinian Authority

The subject of the security fence between Israel and the Palestinians in the West Bank has become a major issue in Israel and in the world in the last several years. The main aim of this research is to reveal the attitudes and thoughts about the fence held by local residents living in settlements (borderlanders) in the proximity of a part of the security fence that has already been completed. The research concentrates on the western-Israeli side of the fence, as it aspires to delve into and understand the meaning and implications of the security fence on matters such as personal security, safety of property and freedom of movement, the possibility of maintaining social and economic ties between the two sides and feelings about living in the area in the future. Underlying this research is the transformation occurring in the border area as a result of its closure by construction of the security fence, after many years in which it was open partially. This process has many diverse consequences, some of them contradictory, on the two populations residing near the border in Israel: the majority Jewish population (the national borderlanders), and the minority Arab population (the transnational borderlanders).     

地理空间数据共享机制研究

地理空间数据是地理信息系统的重要组成部分，是国家空间数据基础设施建设的主体，但地理空间数据的多样性导致了数据共享的困难。文中探讨了产生地理空间数据多样性的原因，分析总结了现有的地理空间数据共享的解决方案，并对地理空间数据共享的发展方向进行了展望。     

武汉市轨道交通一号线一期工程基准复测分析

介绍武汉市轨道交通一号线一期工程基准复测的精度要求，阐述采用GPS，精密数字水准测量等技术进行轨道交通一号线一期工程基准复测的观测，数据处理及达到的精度，根据复测数据分析了基准点的变形原因和规律，得出了一些有益的结论和建议。     

由空间直角坐标计算大地坐标的简便公式

对大地测量教科书中给出的空间三维直角坐标与大地坐标的转换公式进行了大量的计算与分析，总结得出一组由空间直角坐标计算大地坐标的简便公式。     

Gauss-Markov模型参数的岭型广义逆估计及其优良性

本文继续文献 [10 ]的工作 ,进一步讨论了测量平差 Gauss- Markov模型参数岭型广义逆估计的若干性质 ,如允许性、优效性、相对效率、抗干扰性等等 ,得到了许多重要结论。计算结果表明 ,在设计阵呈病态时 ,岭型广义逆估计确能明显改善 L S估计     

中国大地测量学发展的若干问题

概述了大地测量学作为测绘基准提供地理信息系统的基础框架作用。回顾了我国大地测量在建立国家平面基准、国家高程基准、国家重力基准等方面的实践，介绍了大地测量学当前发展的国际背景，提出了我国大地测量学今后的发展方向，如建立现代大地坐标框架和现代重力基准的目标和任务，以及改善国家高程基准等方面的考虑。