Ti-2．5Cu，Ti-3Fe，Ti-3Cr合金铸锭的偏析

通过对Ti-2．5Cu，Ti-3Fe，Ti-3Cr钛合金进行微区成分和宏观成分的对比研究，得出了3种合金铸锭中合金元素宏观和微观偏析规律。在等轴晶内，3种元素含量均沿晶粒生长方向增加，其中Cu，Fe元素偏析明显，Cr元素偏析程度小；柱状晶内，Cu，Fe，Cr的含量均沿晶粒生长方向增加，但偏析均不明显；晶界处的平均Cu，Fe含量明显低于晶内，而Cr含量则远远高于晶内，Cr在晶界偏析明显。宏观方面，3种元素均向铸锭的顶部和中心富集，其中Cu和Fe的偏析程度较大而Cr的偏析程度小，径向的偏析程度比轴向严重。     

新型Ni3Al/石墨高温固体自润滑材料的制备及其性能

采用熔炼法, 制备出新型Ni3Al/石墨抗高温、耐腐蚀固体自润滑材料.结果表明: Al不仅是强化合金基体的元素, 而且是一种使片状石墨转变为球状石墨的球化剂; 铝与氧结合成渣降低了氧在石墨表面的吸附.建立了界面能和过冷度对石墨生长形态影响的动力学模型; 分析表明, 石墨在洁净的液态金属中结晶, 由于(1010)棱面与(0001)基面的温度回升速率的差异, 促使石墨球状生长.石墨经球化处理后, 材料的冲击韧性得到提高; 将该材料与GCr15轴承钢及45﹟退火钢进行干摩擦磨损时, 摩擦因数分别为0.36和0.40.     

可转位刀片三维断屑槽CAT/CAD/CAM系统

给出了一个可转位刀片三维断屑槽测量、设计与制造的CAT／CAD／CAM系统，并对该开发系统各部分结构和功能进行了简介。     

TEM studies of cross sections of oxidized Fe-25Cr-6Al-La alloy

The oxidation behavior of the alloy Fe–25%Cr–6%Al-RE (rich in lanthanum) was investigated by means of TEM analysis. The results show that after 2 hr oxidation of the alloy, in pure oxygen at 1200° C, La precipitated in the oxide scale at the top of -Al₂O₃ grains and at the grain-boundary regions in the form of tiny particles of hexagonal La₂O₃. These tiny particles prevented aluminum from diffusing toward the surface and suppressed lateral growth of the oxide scale. The rare-earth constituents accelerated the internal oxidation of the alloy during thermal cycling between 1200° C and room temperature. They appeared as particles of aluminum oxide and lanthanum oxide. Particles of cubic La₂O₃ precipitated in the alloy matrix near the oxide scale-metal interface in a direction parallel to grain boundaries.     

熟料烧结过程中氧化铁反应行为的热力学分析

通过对Fe2O3与碳酸钠、氧化钙以及硅酸钙反应的热力学分析,明确Fe2O3在铝土矿炉料烧结过程中的热力学反应规律。热力学计算、分析结果表明:Fe2O3在正常烧结温度范围内能与Na2CO3或CaO发生反应,但更易与CaO反应形成2CaO.Fe2O3或CaO.Fe2O3,Fe2O3和Na2O.Fe2O3能使2CaO.SiO2和3CaO.2SiO2转变为CaO.SiO2,CaO.SiO2进一步与Na2O.Al2O3或Na2O.Fe2O3反应生成不溶的三元化合物而造成烧结法生产氧化铝过程中Na2O和Al2O3的损失。4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3不能由铁酸钙和铝酸钠相互反应产生,而可能是CaO、Al2O3和Fe2O3三者直接反应的产物,且在烧结条件下Na2O.Fe2O3可分解4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3。     

Solid-solution hardening and softening by Fe additions to NiAl

Solid-solution hardening in the case of a ternary alloy addition to a B2 compound with the triple defect structure has been investigated. The fact that the ternary element may occupy either of two sublattices or may affect the concentration of other types of point defects present in the material makes this a very interesting problem to consider. Ni-rich (40 at% Al), stoichiometric (50 at% Al), and Al-rich (52 at% Al) alloys were doped with up to 12 at% Fe. Lattice parameter, bulk density and hardness measurements were performed on samples quenched from 1000 °C. It was found that solid-solution softening actually occurs in the Ni-rich alloys, while hardening was observed in the stoichiometric and Al-rich alloys. The vacancy concentration was determined from the experimental data, and the site occupancies of the Fe atoms were estimated from a thermodynamic model. Through careful consideration of all point defect concentrations the solid-solution hardening and softening behaviors could be effectively rationalized.     

稀土对切玻璃金刚石锯片切削性能的影响

金刚石圆锯片可以用于切割玻璃和水晶制品。为了提高切割玻璃金刚石圆锯片的切割寿命和玻璃的切割质量．对切割玻璃金刚石圆锯片的胎体成分进行了优化设计，并在胎体材料中加入稀土化合物La2O3，同时对金刚石表面实施镀钛。本文从胎体材料对金刚石的把持力系数、实际切割的金刚石的脱落度以及锯片的切割速度方面，研究了稀土化合物在金刚石刀头胎体中的作用。结果表明：在胎体金属粉中加入适量的稀土化合物，胎体对金刚石的把持力系数有所改善，同时，增加了刀头胎体材料的脆性，实现了金刚石与胎体的同步磨损，金刚石的脱落度明显减小；切割速度比参比片提高了21．6％。     

Nucleation of corrosion pits in Ringer’s solution containing bovine serum

The effects of the presence of bovine serum on the nucleation of corrosion pits on 316L stainless steel and commercially pure titanium in Ringer’s physiological solution at 37 °C are presented. The experiments involved measurement of current transients generated on microelectrodes under potentiostatic control below the pitting potential. Results show that the presence of the organic components of the serum stimulates the nucleation of pits on 316L stainless steel. A similar but smaller effect is shown for commercially pure titanium.     

Effect of yttrium on the stability of aluminide-yttrium composite coatings in a cyclic high-temperature hot-corrosion environment

A composite coating of aluminide-yttrium has shown excellent corrosion resistance in a cyclic high-temperature hot-corrosion environment. To understand the effect of yttrium on the stability of the composite coating, the specimens were prepared with various coating parameters of Y thickness, sequence of post heat treatment and surface condition before Y-ion plating. Performance of the composite coating was evaluated by isothermal oxidation and cyclic high-temperature hot corrosion. Isothermal-oxidation-test results show that the Y in the composite coating helps to form a thick and dense Al₂O₃ scale which is ductile and resistant to thermal stress. The Y in Al₂O₃ may act as a donor which leads to an increase in concentration of interstitial oxygen and, thus, increases in oxidation rate. The presence of Y₂O₃ and (Y, Al) O-type compounds in grain boundaries of Al₂O₃ and boundaries between the Al₂O₃ and NiAl effectively prohibits the fast diffusion of oxidants (such as O and S) and Al along grain boundaries. Consequently, it may induce slow diffusion through the matrix, and thus the corrosion resistance of the composite coating under cyclic hot corrosion increases substantially.