鄂尔多斯市生态资产和生态系统生产总值评估

鄂尔多斯市属于生态环境脆弱区域,在大规模开发丰富能源资源的同时,生态环境保护也在不断加强,评估鄂尔多斯生态资产价值,是认识鄂尔多斯生态价值的关键。构建了生态资产、生态系统生产总值评估的理论框架和评估方法指标体系,基于鄂尔多斯市生态系统格局、质量数据,评估了鄂尔多斯市生态资产、生态系统生产总值。评估结果表明:(1)2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统质量等级以差、低、中为主,分别占比:50.74%、31.78%、6.17%,差、低、中等级的生态系统面积之和占比88.69%。(2)2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态资产指数为1998.19,其中生态资产指数最高的是鄂托克旗,生态资产指数为392.26,占比19.63%,其次是杭锦旗,生态资产指数为307.48,占比15.39%。2010—2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态资产指数总体呈上升趋势。其中,上升最为剧烈的区域是鄂托克前旗,生态资产指数上升92.72,占比19.38%,其次为乌审旗,生态资产指数上升91.04,占比19.03%。(3)2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统生产总值(GEP)为2481.71亿元,GEP约为2015年GDP总值的58.72%,鄂尔多斯市单位面积GEP为0.03亿元/km~2,人均GEP为12.14万元/人。2010—2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统生产总值从1975.50亿元增加至2481.71亿元,增加量占2010年GEP价值的比例为25.62%,上升趋势明显。(4)2010—2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统质量变化原因主要是GDP增长(P0.05),表明经济持续发展降低了当地人口对草地、森林的经济的依赖性。鄂尔多斯市生态资产指数上升的主要驱动因素气候因素降水的增加(P0.001)、人口密度的下降(P0.01),以及GDP的增加(P0.01)。鄂尔多斯间生态系统生产总值变化的主要驱动因素,包括城市扩张、农田开垦、退耕还林、草、湿、生态恢复、矿山开采、生态退化等。本研究根据鄂尔多斯市生态系统质量、生态资产、生态系统生产总值面临的问题,提出了生态保护建议与对策。     

NEK5 regulates cell cycle progression during mouse oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryonic development

NEK5, a member of never in mitosis‐gene A‐related protein kinase, is involved in the regulation of centrosome integrity and centrosome cohesion at mitosis in somatic cells. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of NEK5 during mouse oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryonic development. The results showed that NEK5 was expressed from germinal vesicle (GV) to metaphase II (MII) stages during oocyte maturation with the highest level of expression at the GV stage. It was shown that NEK5 localized in the cytoplasm of oocytes at GV stage, concentrated around chromosomes at germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage, and localized to the entire spindle at prometaphase I, MI and MII stages. The small interfering RNA‐mediated depletion of Nek5 significantly increased the phosphorylation level of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 in oocytes, resulting in a decrease of maturation‐promoting factor activity, and severely impaired GVBD. The failure of meiotic resumption caused by Nek5 depletion could be rescued by the depletion of Wee1B. We found that Nek5 depletion did not affect CDC25B translocation into the GV. We also found that NEK5 was expressed from 1‐cell to blastocyst stages with the highest expression at the blastocyst stage, and Nek5 depletion severely impaired preimplantation embryonic development. This study demonstrated for the first time that NEK5 plays important roles during meiotic G2/M transition and preimplantation embryonic development.     

Effect of coupled reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on soil mite community composition in a wheat field

Groundwater and nitrogen fertilizer overuse severely threatens crop productions; thus, current ecological agriculture requires low irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer inputs. The effects of combined reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer addition on soil organism (e.g., mite) community and biodiversity remain poorly understood. We analyzed soil mite community composition, wheat grain yield, and soil characteristics in a 10‐year manipulation experiment with two levels of irrigation (reduced and conventional irrigation) and five nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha). Reduced irrigation (20% reduction, from 280 to 220 mm) and nitrogen fertilizer (25% reduction, from 280 to 210 kg N/ha) addition did not significantly influence soil mite community and wheat yield. The relative abundances of fungivores and predators showed negative quadratic relationships with wheat yield, while that of plant parasites showed a positive relationship. The relationships between soil mite trophic groups and wheat yield revealed that we can evaluate the impacts of reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer addition from the perspective of soil fauna. Soil mite community composition was altered by soil abiotic factors prior to reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer addition. Overall, moderate reductions of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer may not threaten to soil mite community and diversity or decrease crop production; in contrast, such reductions will benefit mite community development and the sustainable agriculture.     

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Periostin Promotes B-ALL Progression by Modulating CCL2 in Leukemia Cells

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Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres through Two Distinct Break-Induced Replication Pathways

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Multichannel automated chamber system for continuous monitoring of CO2 exchange between the agro-ecosystem or soil and the atmosphere

A multichannel automated chamber system was developed for continuous monitoring of CO₂ exchange at multiple points between agro-ecosystem or soil and atmosphere. This system consisted of an automated chamber subsystem with a CO₂ concentration analyzer and a data logging subsystem. Both subsystems were under the control of a programmable logic controller (PLC). The automated chamber subsystem contained 18 chambers (50 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm) and a compressor. The chamber lids were closed and can be automatically opened. During measurement, one of the 18 chambers was kept closed for three minutes for measuring and the other chambers were kept open to maintain the natural soil conditions to the maximum extent. Environmental variables were simultaneously measured using sensors and recorded by the data logger. The reliability of the multichannel automated chamber system was tested and the results showed that the turbulence of the fans had no significant effect on the CO₂ exchange. The changes in the air and the temperature of soil and soil moisture inside the chambers, caused by the enclosure of the chambers, were not significant. The net ecosystem CO₂ exchange for the wheat ecosystem was ?2.35 μmol·m^?2·s^>?1 and the soil respiration was 3.87 μmol·m^?2·s^>?1 in the wheat field, and 6.61 μmol·m^?2·s^>?1 in the apple orchard.     

Potential of intestinal electrical stimulation for obesity: a preliminary canine study

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the therapeutic potential of intestinal electrical stimulation (IES) for obesity. Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of IES on food intake, gastric tone, gastric accommodation, and its possible pathway. Research Methods and Procedures: Ten normal dogs and six dogs with truncal vagotomy were used in this study. Each dog was equipped with a gastric cannula for the measurement of gastric tone and accommodation by barostat and one pair of duodenal serosal electrodes for IES. The experiment on food intake was composed of both control session without IES and IES session after a 28‐hour fast. The experiment on gastric tone and accommodation was performed in the fasting and fed states and composed of three sessions: control, IES, and IES with N^G‐nitro‐l ‐arginine. Results: IES significantly reduced food intake in the normal dogs (459.0 vs. 312.6 grams, p < 0.001). The food intake was negatively correlated with the fasting gastric volume during IES. IES significantly decreased fasting gastric tone in the normal dogs reflected as a decrease in gastric volume (89.1 vs. 261.3 mL, p < 0.01), which was abolished by vagotomy and N^G‐nitro‐l ‐arginine. Discussion: IES reduces food intake and inhibits gastric tone in the fasting state. The inhibitory effect of IES on gastric tone is mediated by both vagal and nitrergic pathway.     

黄瓜果瘤的遗传及SSR 标记

通过对以荷兰温室无瘤黄瓜(Cucumis sativus )品种Z1和Z3为母本(tutu), 有瘤黄瓜品系东农129为父本(TuTu)的杂交后代F1和F2的统计分析, 结果表明: 在F1代, 2个组合果实都有果瘤, 有果瘤为显性; F2代果实有瘤与无瘤呈现分离, 其比例分别是2.92:1和2.95:1, 表明Tu基因是独立遗传的, 即有瘤(Tu)对无瘤(tu)为显性。为了获得与黄瓜果瘤基因连锁的SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记, 从129×Z3 F2群体中选取有瘤、无瘤单株的DNA各10个, 构建有瘤、无瘤近等基因池。用86对SSR引物在亲本及DNA混合池之间进行筛选, 并对F2群体的75个单株进行验证。筛选得到了5对与果瘤相关的SSR引物, 经MAPMAKER/EXP version 3.0b软件分析, 其中CSWGATT01B、CSWGATT01C、CSCT335和CSWGATT01A四个标记位于同一连锁群上, Tu基因位于这4个标记构建的连锁群中, 具体位置为CSWGATT01C-Tu-CSCT335, 距离两侧标记的遗传距离分别为20.0 cM和14.1 cM。