全文获取类型
收费全文 | 936篇 |
免费 | 49篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
学科分类
生物科学 | 986篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 23篇 |
2015年 | 48篇 |
2014年 | 39篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 77篇 |
2011年 | 63篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 70篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 52篇 |
2002年 | 51篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1937年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有986条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Osamu Nunobiki Daisuke Sano Kyoko Akashi Taro Higashida Toshitada Ogasawara Hikari Akise Shinji Izuma Kiyo Torii Yoshiaki Okamoto Ichiro Tanaka Masatsugu Ueda 《Human cell》2016,29(2):91-95
To investigate the clinical significance of ALDH2 genetic polymorphisms in cervical carcinogenesis. ALDH2 polymorphisms together with human papillomavirus (HPV) types were examined in a total of 195 cervical smear in exfoliated cervical cell samples using Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) System. The frequency for the AG+AA genotype was seven in the normal group (70.0 %), 16 in the LSIL group (57.1 %), and 27 in the HSIL group (90.0 %). A significant difference was found between the LSIL and HSIL groups (P = 0.0064). Patients with HSIL lesions frequently had high-risk HPV infections and concurrently belonged to the AG+AA group. ALDH2 genotype in cervical cell samples may be associated with more severe precancerous lesions of the cervix in a Japanese population. 相似文献
12.
'Working' cardiomyocytes exhibiting plateau action potentials from human placenta-derived extraembryonic mesodermal cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Okamoto K Miyoshi S Toyoda M Hida N Ikegami Y Makino H Nishiyama N Tsuji H Cui CH Segawa K Uyama T Kami D Miyado K Asada H Matsumoto K Saito H Yoshimura Y Ogawa S Aeba R Yozu R Umezawa A 《Experimental cell research》2007,313(12):2550-2562
The clinical application of cell transplantation for severe heart failure is a promising strategy to improve impaired cardiac function. Recently, an array of cell types, including bone marrow cells, endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, resident cardiac stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, have become important candidates for cell sources for cardiac repair. In the present study, we focused on the placenta as a cell source. Cells from the chorionic plate in the fetal portion of the human placenta were obtained after delivery by the primary culture method, and the cells generated in this study had the Y sex chromosome, indicating that the cells were derived from the fetus. The cells potentially expressed 'working' cardiomyocyte-specific genes such as cardiac myosin heavy chain 7beta, atrial myosin light chain, cardiac alpha-actin by gene chip analysis, and Csx/Nkx2.5, GATA4 by RT-PCR, cardiac troponin-I and connexin 43 by immunohistochemistry. These cells were able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Cardiac troponin-I and connexin 43 displayed a discontinuous pattern of localization at intercellular contact sites after cardiomyogenic differentiation, suggesting that the chorionic mesoderm contained a large number of cells with cardiomyogenic potential. The cells began spontaneously beating 3 days after co-cultivation with murine fetal cardiomyocytes and the frequency of beating cells reached a maximum on day 10. The contraction of the cardiomyocytes was rhythmical and synchronous, suggesting the presence of electrical communication between the cells. Placenta-derived human fetal cells may be useful for patients who cannot supply bone marrow cells but want to receive stem cell-based cardiac therapy. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
A Bioluminescence Assay Using Nitrosomonas europaea for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nitrification Inhibitors 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
An expression vector for the luxAB genes, derived from Vibrio harveyi, was introduced into Nitrosomonas europaea. Although the recombinant strain produced bioluminescence due to the expression of the luxAB genes under normal growing conditions, the intensity of the light emission decreased immediately, in a time-and dose-dependent manner, with the addition of ammonia monooxygenase inhibitors, such as allylthiourea, phenol, and nitrapyrin. When whole cells were challenged with several nitrification inhibitors and toxic compounds, a close relationship was found between the change in the intensity of the light emission and the level of ammonia-oxidizing activity. The response of bioluminescence to the addition of allylthiourea was considerably faster than the change in the ammonia-oxidizing rate, measured as both the O2 uptake and NO2− production rates. The bioluminescence of cells inactivated by ammonia monooxygenase inhibitor was recovered rapidly by the addition of certain substrates for hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. These results suggested that the inhibition of bioluminescence was caused by the immediate decrease of reducing power in the cell due to the inactivation of ammonia monooxygenase, as well as by the destruction of other cellular metabolic pathways. We conclude that the assay system using luminous Nitrosomonas can be applied as a rapid and sensitive detection test for nitrification inhibitors, and it will be used to monitor the nitrification process in wastewater treatment plants. 相似文献
16.
17.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 is important for cancer metabolism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hitosugi T Fan J Chung TW Lythgoe K Wang X Xie J Ge Q Gu TL Polakiewicz RD Roesel JL Chen GZ Boggon TJ Lonial S Fu H Khuri FR Kang S Chen J 《Molecular cell》2011,44(6):864-877
Many tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation for their continued proliferation and survival. Myc and HIF-1 are believed to promote such a metabolic switch by, in part, upregulating gene expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase 1 (PDHK1), which phosphorylates and inactivates mitochondrial PDH and consequently pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Here we report that tyrosine phosphorylation enhances PDHK1 kinase activity by promoting ATP and PDC binding. Functional PDC can form in mitochondria outside of the matrix in some cancer cells and PDHK1 is commonly tyrosine phosphorylated in human cancers by diverse oncogenic tyrosine kinases localized to different mitochondrial compartments. Expression of phosphorylation-deficient, catalytic hypomorph PDHK1 mutants in cancer cells leads to decreased cell proliferation under hypoxia and increased oxidative phosphorylation with enhanced mitochondrial utilization of pyruvate and reduced tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. Together, tyrosine phosphorylation activates PDHK1 to promote the Warburg effect and tumor growth. 相似文献
18.
Tomizawa Ken-ichi; Ito Naoko; Komeda Yoshibumi; Uyeda Taro Q. P.; Takio Koji; Furuya Masaki 《Plant & cell physiology》1991,32(1):95-102
The pea phytochrome I (PI) cDNA clone, pPP1001, was expressedin E. coli. The plasmid pPP1001 contains pea PI cDNA which coversthe entire coding region with the Shine-Dalgarno consensus sequencejoined upstream of the cDNA in an expression vector pNUT6. ThepPP1001 transformants formed typical inclusion bodies when culturedat 32?C. However, when cultured at 37?C or in the presence ofisopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 32?C,the bacteria lysed before inclusion body formation. Immuno-stainingwith anti-PI monoclonal antibody, mAP5, of transformants fixedby cold methanol showed that stainable materials were distributedin whole cytoplasmic region. When the inclusion bodies wereobserved clearly, the regions corresponding to the inclusionbodies became difficult to stain. Western blot analysis, however,showed that a ca. 100 kDa PI polypeptide was detected in thefraction from inclusion bodies and a ca. 90 kDa PI polypeptidefrom the soluble fraction. The amino acid sequence analysisof purified 100 kDa PI sample indicated that its amino terminusis blocked. However, minor signals in one experiment yieldeda sequence corresponding to the expected amino terminus of peaPI except for the initiation methionine. One of the anti-peaPI monoclonal antibodies, mAP9, that recognizes the near N-terminusof pea phytochrome was reactive to the 100 kDa polypeptide. (Received June 22, 1990; Accepted November 18, 1990) 相似文献
19.
Sporulation in fission yeast represents a unique mode of cell division in which a new cell is formed within the cytoplasm of a mother cell. This event is accompanied by formation of the forespore membrane (FSM), which becomes the plasma membrane of spores. At prophase II, the spindle pole body (SPB) forms an outer plaque, from which formation of the FSM is initiated. Several components of the SPB play an indispensable role in SPB modification, and therefore in sporulation. In this paper, we report the identification of a novel SPB component, Spo7, which has a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We found that Spo7 was essential for initiation of FSM assembly, but not for SPB modification. Spo7 directly bound to Meu14, a component of the leading edge of the FSM, and was essential for proper localization of Meu14. The PH domain of Spo7 had affinity for phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). spo7 mutants lacking the PH domain showed aberrant spore morphology, similar to that of meu14 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pik3) mutants. Our study suggests that Spo7 coordinates formation of the leading edge and initiation of FSM assembly, thereby accomplishing accurate formation of the FSM. 相似文献