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91.
Debajyoti?Dutta Debojyoti?De Surabhi?Chaudhuri Sanjoy?K?BhattacharyaEmail author 《Microbial cell factories》2005,4(1):36
The limited fossil fuel prompts the prospecting of various unconventional energy sources to take over the traditional fossil
fuel energy source. In this respect the use of hydrogen gas is an attractive alternate source. Attributed by its numerous
advantages including those of environmentally clean, efficiency and renew ability, hydrogen gas is considered to be one of
the most desired alternate. Cyanobacteria are highly promising microorganism for hydrogen production. In comparison to the
traditional ways of hydrogen production (chemical, photoelectrical), Cyanobacterial hydrogen production is commercially viable.
This review highlights the basic biology of cynobacterial hydrogen production, strains involved, large-scale hydrogen production
and its future prospects. While integrating the existing knowledge and technology, much future improvement and progress is
to be done before hydrogen is accepted as a commercial primary energy source. 相似文献
92.
Activation of intrinsic and extrinsic proapoptotic signaling pathways in interleukin-18-mediated human cardiac endothelial cell death 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Chandrasekar B Vemula K Surabhi RM Li-Weber M Owen-Schaub LB Jensen LE Mummidi S 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(19):20221-20233
Endothelial cells are the primary targets of circulating immune and inflammatory mediators. We hypothesize that interleukin-18, a proinflammatory cytokine, induces endothelial cell apoptosis. Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC) were treated with interleukin (IL) 18. mRNA expression was analyzed by ribonuclease protection assay, protein levels by immunoblotting, and cell death by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. We also investigated the signal transduction pathways involved in IL-18-mediated cell death. Treatment of HCMEC with IL-18 increases 1) NF-kappaB DNA binding activity; 2) induces kappaB-driven luciferase activity; 3) induces IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression via NF-kappaB activation; 4) inhibits antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L); 5) up-regulates proapoptotic Fas, Fas-L, and Bcl-X(S) expression; 6) induces fas and Fas-L promoter activities via NF-kappaB activation; 7) activates caspases-8, -3, -9, and BID; 8) induces cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm; 9) inhibits FLIP; and 10) induces HCME cell death by apoptosis as seen by increased annexin V staining and increased levels of mono- and oligonucleosomal fragmented DNA. Whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly attenuated IL-18-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) chimeric phosphorothioated 2'-MOE-modified antisense oligonucleotides potentiated the proapoptotic effects of IL-18. Furthermore, caspase-8, IKK-alpha, and NF-kappaB p65 knockdown or dominant negative IkappaB-alpha and dominant negative IkappaB-beta or kinase dead IKK-beta significantly attenuated IL-18-induced HCME cell death. Effects of IL-18 on cell death are direct and are not mediated by intermediaries such as IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interferon-gamma. Taken together, our results indicate that IL-18 activates both intrinsic and extrinsic proapoptotic signaling pathways, induces endothelial cell death, and thereby may play a role in myocardial inflammation and injury. 相似文献
93.
Chandan Surabhi Das 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2012,58(1):205-214
The Sundarban of India and Bangladesh is the only mangrove reserve forest in the world inhabited by the tiger (Panthera tigris). Tigers in the Sundarban mangrove are widely known for frequently straying into the surrounding reclaimed areas. Data collected
from household village survey and documents of the Forest Department show that tiger straying incidents happen throughout
the year, but most of them occurred during 3 months (Dec–Feb) of the winter season (42%) followed by 3 months (July–Sept)
of the monsoon season (31%). 84.22% of cases have been reported from 21 villages of five affected blocks of Sundarban. In
most cases, tigers resorted to cattle lifting or poultry feeding. Only in 8.9% of the cases were human beings attacked or
killed. Majority of the straying tigers (68.46%) were male. In most cases (78.9%) strayed tigers were aged and 22% of these
were partly injured. 96.05% straying occurs during night. This study also aims at exploring the causes of frequent straying,
livestock and human casualties as a result of conflict and retaliation killing of tigers. Straying frequency is correlated
negatively with the width of the creeks or rivers in the village side and no relationship is identified with the area of the
forest block as well as natural prey abundance. Overall, improved nylon fencing, increased patroling, establishment of the
Forest Protection Committee (FPC) and the Eco Development Committee (EDC) are not associated with reduction of straying frequency
as well as livestock losses to tiger straying. 相似文献
94.
95.
Jagadeeswaran G Raina S Acharya BR Maqbool SB Mosher SL Appel HM Schultz JC Klessig DF Raina R 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2007,51(2):234-246
In Arabidopsis, the GH3-like gene family consists of 19 members, several of which have been shown to adenylate the plant hormones jasmonic acid, indole acetic acid and salicylic acid (SA). In some cases, this adenylation has been shown to catalyze hormone conjugation to amino acids. Here we report molecular characterization of the GH3-LIKE DEFENSE GENE 1 (GDG1), a member of the GH3-like gene family, and show that GDG1 is an important component of SA-mediated defense against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Expression of GDG1 is induced earlier and to a higher level in response to avirulent pathogens compared to virulent pathogens. gdg1 null mutants are compromised in several pathogen defense responses, including activation of defense genes and resistance against virulent and avirulent bacterial pathogens. Accumulation of free and glucoside-conjugated SA (SAG) in response to pathogen infection is compromised in gdg1 mutants. All defense-related phenotypes of gdg1 can be rescued by external application of SA, suggesting that gdg1 mutants are defective in the SA-mediated defense pathway(s) and that GDG1 functions upstream of SA. Our results suggest that GDG1 contributes to both basal and resistance gene-mediated inducible defenses against P. syringae (and possibly other pathogens) by playing a critical role in regulating the levels of pathogen-inducible SA. GDG1 is allelic to the PBS3 (avrPphB susceptible) gene. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
Y Jin R M Surabhi A Fresnoza A Lytras P A Cattini 《Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)》1999,13(8):1249-1266
A region located remotely upstream of the human pituitary GH (GH-N) gene and required for efficient GH-N gene expression in the pituitary of transgenic mice was cloned as a 1.6-kb Bg/II (1.6G) fragment. The 1.6G fragment in the forward or reverse orientation increased -496GH-N promoter activity significantly in pituitary GC and GH3 cells after gene transfer. The 1.6G fragment was also able to stimulate activity from a minimal thymidine kinase (TK) promoter which, unlike -496GH-N, lacked any Pit-1/GHF-1 element. Enhancer activity was localized by deletion analysis to a 203-bp region in the 3'-end of the 1.6G fragment and was characterized by the presence of a diffuse 136-bp nuclease-protected site, observed with pituitary (GC) but not nonpituitary (HeLa) cell nuclear protein. A major low-mobility complex was observed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with GC cell nuclear protein, and the pattern was distinct from that seen with a HeLa cell extract. The nuclease-protected region contains three A/T-rich Pit-1/ GHF-1-like elements, and their disruption, in the context of the 203-bp region fused to the TK promoter, reduced enhancer activity significantly in pituitary cells in culture. A mutation in this region was also shown to decrease enhancer activity in transgenic mice and correlated with a decrease in the 203-bp enhancer region complex observed by EMSA. The participation of Pit-1/GHF-1 in this complex is indicated by competition studies with Pit-1/GHF-1 elements and antibodies, and direct binding of Pit-1/GHF-1 to the A/T-rich sequences was shown by EMSA using recombinant protein. These studies link the A/T-rich sequences to the distal enhancer activity associated with the GH locus control region in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
99.
While much of our understanding of genetic inheritance is based on the genome of the organism, it is becoming clear that there is an ample amount of epigenetic inheritance, which though reversible, escapes erasing process during gametogenesis and goes on to the next generation. Several examples of transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic features with potential impact on embryonic development and subsequent adult life have come to light. In placental mammals, the placenta is an additional route for epigenetic information flow. This information does not go through any meiotic reprogramming and is, therefore, likely to have a more profound influence on the organism. This also has the implication of providing epigenetic instructions for several months, which is clearly a maternal advantage. Although less well-known, there is also an impact of the embryo in emitting genetic information to the maternal system that remains well beyond the completion of the pregnancy. In this review, we discuss several factors in the context of the evolution of this mammal-specific phenomenon, including genomic imprinting, micromosaicism, and assisted reproduction. We also highlight how this kind of inheritance might require attention in the modern lifestyle within the larger context of the evolutionary process. 相似文献
100.
Dr. Prakash Singh Bisen Surabhi Audholia Arun Kishore Bhatnagar Suvendra Nath Bagchi 《Current microbiology》1986,14(1):1-5
Escherichia coli B/5 12-h cultures were exposed to filter-sterilized acid mine water (AMW), fixed in situ, and examined for morphological changes by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray spectrometry. Thin sections showed that layers of the Gram-negative envelope were altered and often lacking. Additionally, polar regions of the cell were frequently devoid of cytoplasm. AMW-exposed cells were distorted and had an amorphous substance associated with them. Spectra obtained by x-ray spectrometry suggested that this amorphous substance was cytoplasm rather than a mineral precipitate from AMW. Morphometric analyses of control and AMW-exposed populations showed significant differences in mean volume, length, and width of cells stressed in AMW; this indicates that smaller cells were selectively destroyed by the action of AMW. We concluded that loss of cytoplasm and cell lysis were the consequence of AMW damage to the bacterial envelope. 相似文献