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71.
Ecologic vulnerable areas (EVAs) are the regions where ecosystems are fragile and vulnerable to suffer from degradation with external disturbances, e.g. environmental changes and human activities (Feng et al. 2022; Wang et al. 2019). EVAs in China are widely distributed and account for more than 55% China’s land area (Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China 2008). The ecosystem in EVAs, chartered with low stability, weak resistance and high vulnerability, has been experiencing significant degradation owing to the impacts of global climate change and human activities (Bai et al. 2018; Chen et al. 2021; Yu et al. 2022). The EVAs in China are not only the most serious areas of environmental degradation, but also the most poverty-stricken regions (Wang et al. 2019). Harsh environmental condition (drought, low temperature and strong radiation) and limited resource supply (water, soil nutrients, etc.) constrain the vegetation productivity and ecosystem services of EVAs (Li et al. 2021). Climate change adds new challenges with warmer temperatures, changing rainfall regime and increasing frequency of extreme events (drought, heat wave, storms, etc.), which make it is more difficult to predict the changes of ecosystem processes and functions in future scenarios (Piao et al. 2020; Reid et al. 2014).
Carbon and water fluxes are the core ecosystem processes, which is linked to diverse ecosystem services (Lian et al. 2021). Therefore, clarifying the variations and controls of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes is an effective approach to clarifying how ecosystem respond to global change in EVAs (Baldocchi 2020). As the only technique can directly measure the carbon, water and energy fluxes between vegetation and atmosphere, eddy covariance technique has been considered as a standard method for flux observations (Chen et al. 2020). By integrating long-term, eddy covariance measurements over time and space, researches are able to assess ecosystem metabolism at different time scales (hours to decades) (Forzieri et al. 2020; Han et al. 2020; Jung et al. 2017). Eddy covariance measurements also produce information on how ecosystem respond to the changes in climate, which is useful for assessing ecosystem carbon sequestration (Hu et al. 2018), water and energy balance (Forzieri et al. 2020), resource use efficiency (Liu et al. 2019) and ecosystem feedback to climate change (Huang et al. 2019; Piao et al. 2020; Yue et al. 2020). Long-term flux measurements are also vital for detecting the responses of ecosystem functions to extreme events, optimizing and validating models on regional and global scales (Baldocchi 2020). Combining with remote sensing and ecosystem modeling techniques, scientists can upscale and evaluate the functional relations between carbon and water fluxes with environmental variables at high resolution and across diverse spatial/temporal scales (Niu et al. 2017; Xia et al. 2020). 相似文献
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Yuanwei Jia Haitang Xie Guangji Wang Jianguo Sun Wei Wang Huang Qing Xuan Wang Hao Yang Meijuan Xu Yi Gu Chen Yao Jie Shen 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2010,878(9-10):791-797
A simple liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) method with highly improved sensitivities for the determination of helicid in rat bile, urine, feces and most tissues was developed. The tissues and feces were firstly homogenized mechanically using deionized water as the media. Bile, urine, tissues and feces homogenates were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with n-butyl alcohol for sample preparation. The subsequent analysis procedures were performed on a Shimadzu LCMS2010A system (electrospray ionization single quadrupole mass analyzer). A Luna C18 column (150 mm × 2.00 mm, 5 μm) was used as the analytical column, while a mixture of acetonitrile and ammonium chloride water solution was used as the mobile phase. The proportions of mobile phase were changed timely according to gradient programs. Chlorinated adducts of molecular ions [M+Cl]? at m/z 319.00 and 363.05 were used to quantify helicid and bergeninum (internal standard), respectively. The method was validated to be accurate, precise and rugged with good linearity. The proposed method was successfully applied to the preclinical tissue distribution and excretion studies of helicid in rats. 相似文献
75.
核磁共振技术在土壤-植物-大气连续体研究中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物体内的水分状态与传输过程是土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)水分传输理论的核心内容,也是研究植物水分利用与调控的基础.植物体内水分的传输过程受外界环境影响较大,植物需要通过对体内水分状态的适当调整来适应环境变化和维持自身的生长发育.由于蒸发通量、压力室、高压流速仪、热脉冲等传统检测方法往往会对植株造成破坏和损伤,因此难以准确反映和定量描述植物体内水分传输的真实过程.核磁共振技术(NMR)由于其无损、非侵入的特点,在植物水分分布和传输相关研究中日益得到关注.本文概述了NMR在检测植物体内水分分布、传输以及含量测定等方面的研究进展,还分析了目前NMR技术在SPAC系统研究中存在的问题及可能的解决方法,并指出NMR技术将来可能在植物水分生理、植物与环境互作以及水分代谢等相关研究领域的应用.NMR技术在SPAC系统研究中的应用在我国仍处于初级阶段,开发户外便携式、开放式检测仪器是NMR技术在SPAC研究领域进一步应用和推广的关键所在. 相似文献
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The isolation of photosystem-I (PS-I) from spinach has been conducted using ultrafiltration with 300 kDa molecular weight
cut-off polyethersulfone membranes. The effects of ultrafiltration operating conditions on PS-I activity were optimized using
parameter scanning ultrafiltration. These conditions included solution pH, ionic strength, stirring speed, and permeate flux.
The effects of detergent (Triton X-100 and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside) concentration on time dependent activity of PS-I were also studied using an O2 electrode. Under optimized conditions, the PS-I purity obtained in the retentate was about 84% and the activity recovery
was greater than 94% after ultrafiltration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a membrane protein
using ultrafiltration alone. 相似文献
78.
微波杀菌过程中大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性的改变 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对细胞膜通透性变化的研究是认识微波杀菌机理的途径之一。用荧光探针检测微波处理后细胞内Ca2 浓度的变化,可以精确地表征细胞膜通透性的改变。选用二乙酸荧光素(FDA)和Fluo-3/AM两种荧光染料,对大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)经微波处理后的酯酶活性及细胞膜通透性进行研究,结果表明大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的胞内非特异性酯酶(NSE)活性及细胞膜通透性的变化情形有所不同。在50℃、55℃、60℃和65℃微波处理条件下,大肠杆菌细胞膜通透性分别增加了20.7%、28.1%、74.8%、89.8%,而金黄色葡萄球的增加不显著,分别比对照组提高了4.1%、6.0%、21.9%和19.7%。细胞膜通透性的改变与微生物致死率有一定的相关性,也可能是微波杀菌非热效应的表现之一。 相似文献
79.
基因组编辑技术可以对DNA或RNA进行精准改造,极大地促进了生命科学的发展。CRISPR/Cas9系统在靶位点诱导DNA发生双链或单链损伤,细胞对损伤部位采用无供体模板的非同源末端连接(non-homologous end joining,NHEJ)或有供体模板的同源重组(homologous recombination,HR)修复。基于HR的基因组编辑策略通常被用于获得DNA的精准改造,而NHEJ在动物DNA损伤修复中起主导作用。为了提升HR效率,研究人员设计了多种方案,包括CRISPR/Cas9系统优化和DNA修复通路调控等。从DNA损伤修复途径、Cas9变体选择、sgRNA设计、供体模板设计、DNA修复途径相关蛋白功能调控、供体模板募集效率提升、细胞周期调控及编辑细胞生存效率提升等方面详细综述了相关研究成果,发现尚未开发出放之四海而皆准的HR提升策略,基于HR的基因组编辑需要针对具体案例制定个体化策略。旨在为动物基因组编辑中提升CRISPR/Cas9介导的HR效率研究提供理论参考,为动物基因功能分析、基因治疗和经济动物基因编辑育种提供帮助。 相似文献
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