粉美人蕉花部维管束的解剖学研究

为探讨粉美人蕉(Canna glauca‘Erebus’)缺失雄蕊的去向和唇瓣的属性,对粉美人蕉花部维管束系统进行了解剖学观察分析。结果表明,粉美人蕉花梗横切面呈椭圆形,中心区的维管束聚集成6束大的维管束,形成心皮背束和隔膜束。在子房区顶部,3个隔膜束各分成3束,外方分支分别进入相应的花瓣,成为花瓣的中束。近轴面隔膜束内方的2束分支进入功能雄蕊。远轴面右侧的隔膜束内方2分支进入唇瓣,发育为唇瓣的部分维管束。远轴面左侧隔膜束内方分支进入内轮退化雄蕊。在花瓣形成时,近轴面左侧心皮背束分成2束,外侧分支进入近轴面外轮退化雄蕊,内侧分支进入功能雄蕊。近轴面右侧心皮背束外方分支进入侧生退化雄蕊。远轴面心皮背束分为2束,1束进入远轴面外轮退化雄蕊并迅速消失,另1束进入唇瓣,继续发育。从维管束来源角度证明了粉美人蕉退化雄蕊的同源异形现象。     

甘蓝型油菜BnFLA基因的克隆及表达分析

利用同源克隆法从甘蓝型油菜中获得了1个类成束阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白基因(FLA),命名为BnFLA。BnFLA基因开放阅读框长为1 200bp,编码399个氨基酸,分子量为42 885.9Da,等电点为6.37。预测的BnFLA蛋白包含N-端信号肽、2个AGP-like结构域、2个fasciclin-like结构域和C-端GPI-anchor序列。系统进化分析表明BnFLA氨基酸序列与BrFLA17和AtFLA2进化关系较近,一致性分别为98%和87%。qRT-PCR分析表明,BnFLA基因在油菜各组织均有表达,并以下胚轴中表达量最高,其次为子叶,茎秆中表达最少;BnFLA基因的表达受到GA3、BR、IAA、ABA和NaCl的诱导,但受6-BA、蔗糖、低温和PEG抑制。研究认为,油菜中BnFLA基因可能参与激素信号转导途径和非生物胁迫应答。     

Lead soaps formation and biodiversity in a XVIII Century wax seal coloured with minium

A multidisciplinary approach was carried out in order to study the biodeterioration and the associated microbiome of a XVIII Century wax seal coloured with minium. A small wax seal fragment was observed by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy in non-destructive mode. The same object was analysed by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The identification of the microbiota growing on the seal was performed with both a culture-dependent strategy, combined with hydrolytic assays, and high-throughput sequencing using the MinION platform. The whole bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal markers ITS and 28S rRNA were targeted. It was observed that the carnauba wax coloured with lead tetroxide (minium) was covered by a biofilm consisting of a network of filaments and other structures of microbial origin. The culture-dependent and culture-independent investigations showed the presence of a complex microbiota composed mainly by fungal members, which demonstrated interesting properties related to lipids and lead processing. The formation of lead soaps and secondary biogenic minerals was also described.     

Bibliometric analysis of Journal of Plant Ecology during 2017–2021

Issue Section: Editorial Journal of Plant Ecology (JPE) was founded in 2008. It is sponsored by the Botanical Society of China and the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and published by Oxford University Press, UK. JPE publishes diverse types of articles that fall into the broad scope of plant ecology, including plant ecophysiology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, landscape ecology, conservation ecology, evolutionary ecology, theoretical ecology and global change ecology.     

过氧化氢酶抑制剂氨基三唑减轻急性酒精性肝损伤

本文旨在通过观察过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)抑制剂氨基三唑(aminotriazole,ATZ)对酒精诱导的急性肝损伤的影响,初步探讨CAT在酒精性肝损伤中的可能作用。以雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠为实验对象,采用酒精腹腔注射诱导急性肝损伤,在造模前30 min腹腔注射不同剂量ATZ(100~400 mg/kg)或相同体积溶剂(对照)。造模24 h后,检测大鼠血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)及乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平,用HE染色法观察肝组织病理改变程度,用试剂盒检测肝组织内CAT活性、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)水平及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,ELISA法检测血浆中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平。结果显示,ATZ处理可剂量依赖性降低酒精暴露大鼠血浆中ALT、AST及LDH水平,并减轻酒精诱导的肝组织病理损伤;ATZ可抑制酒精暴露大鼠肝组织内CAT活性、降低H2O2水平及MDA含量;ATZ也可下调酒精暴露大鼠血浆中TNF-α和IL-6水平。以上结果表明,ATZ可减轻酒精诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤,提示CAT可能在酒精性肝损伤中发挥了重要的致病作用。     

Pectolytic Bacteria Associated with Soft Rot of Calla Lily (Zantedeschia spp.) Tubers

Soft rot is the most important disease on calla lily in Poland. The isolation of the presumptive pathogen from symptomatic tubers on nutrient agar yielded bacteria with different colony morphology. Of 41 isolates collected, 10 showed pectolytic activity on crystal violet pectate medium and caused soft rot on potato slices. All pectolytic bacteria appeared to be Gram‐negative rods producing typical soft rot on inoculated leaf petioles of calla lily. Bacteria with colonies which morphologically resembled those used for inoculation were re‐isolated from diseased petioles. Their identification was based on phenotypic characters and sequence of the gene fragment coding 16S rRNA. It was found that, in addition to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, soft rot of calla lily can be caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas veronii and Chryseobacterium indologenes. The latter two are described for the first time as plant pathogens. The pectolytic activity of all identified bacteria, except that of P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum, was lower than that of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, but strains of P. veronii showed a higher activity than P. marginalisand C. indologenes species.     

假单胞菌酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸

采用微生物酶转化法制备L-半胱氨酸具有周期短、成本低、区域和立体选择性强、反应条件容易控制、环境友好等特点,与传统的毛发水解以及化学合成工艺相比显示出明显的优越性。本文从假单胞菌产酶条件和酶学性质、DL-ATC生物转化途径、固定化细胞转化工艺、基因工程菌的研究、以及L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的研究等5个方面介绍了国内外关于生物转化DL-2-氨基-Δ2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-ATC)合成L-半胱氨酸的研究进展。