土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识多样性

生物资源利用相关的传统知识是对生物资源进行识别和利用的传统知识系统。随着现代生物技术的发展, 这类传统知识显示出其在科学、经济、文化乃至粮食安全战略方面的价值。本研究根据《生物多样性相关传统知识分类、调查与编目技术规定(试行)》, 对我国青海省土族聚集区的土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识进行了系统调查与编目, 并借鉴生物多样性测度方法, 创建了传统知识多样性指数计算方法, 对土族生物资源利用相关传统知识多样性进行分析。结果如下: (1)编目现存的土族生物资源利用相关的传统知识词条共424条; (2)土族传统知识的α多样性指数D_TK = 0.67, 表明其传统知识多样性较高; 土族传统知识的β_wtk多样性指数在不同的县域差异较大, 表明其在县域之间存在差异, 在空间上分布不连续、不均匀。本研究利用生物多样性指数验证了传统知识的定量研究方法, 说明传统知识多样性指数不仅可用于定量研究表征区域传统知识的多样性, 揭示不同空间区域内的分布特征, 还可为未来构建传统知识的定量研究体系提供重要的参考依据。     

长江中华鲟繁殖群体资源现状的初步研究

根据1994—1998年获得的246尾标本,对中华鲟繁殖群体的性比、性腺发育成熟个体比例、年龄结构、体长和体重特征等进行了研究。并结合历史资料,对其种群资源现状进行评价,提出了相应的资源保护措施建议。     

声波刺激对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP含量的影响

采用单因子实验设计,分别先固定作为交变应力的声波的频率或强度这两个参数中的一个,而改变另一个指标的值,用声波刺激木本植物中华猕猴桃(Actinidiachinensis)茎段的愈伤组织,并测定对比声波处理前后其ATP含量及变化情况。实验结果表明,声波对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP的含量有着比较明显的增强或抑制的双重效应,适度的声场刺激将有利于提高植物的能量代谢水平,其中,最适的声波频率为1000Hz,最适声强为100dB左右 。     

农杆菌介导转化小麦幼胚获得抗除草剂再生植株

采用农杆菌介导法转化小麦品种G54授粉10 d后的幼胚,经5‰和2‰ PPT筛选获得83株正常再生植株.PCR及Southern杂交检测证明其中8株再生苗为转bar基因植株,这些植株对除草剂Basta的抗性明显提高.实验结果还证明,高糖浓度的培养基对愈伤组织诱导、植株再生及生根都有显著的促进作用;在感染液和共培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮有利于转化株的筛选.     

芦笋皮层组织培养植株再生

报道了芦笋皮层组织培养再生植株的方法。表明：皮层在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４—Ｄ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ６—ＢＡ培养基上形成无色或淡绿色疏松型愈伤组织,而ＭＳ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ６—ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ培养基则对芽的分化有利;试管苗的生很壮苗以无激素的ＭＳ为最佳培养基。此外,本试验还研究了不同碳源、不同激素组合对芦笋皮层离体培养再生植株的影响。     

Inhibition of IFN-gamma receptor signaling by hepatitis C virus non-structural protein NS4B]

The function of NS4B is incompletely understood. The aim of the study is to understand the influence of NS4B on anti-viral response. After cell line stably expressing NS4B established, the influence of IFN-alpha of different concentration on VSV was studied using plaque assay; cell expression profiling caused by NS4B was studied using DNA microarray, and the IFNGR1 fluorescence intensity was analyzed. Our data showed that HCV-NS4B could suppress immuno-associated gene expression, in particular, IFN-gamma receptor signal transduction-related genes. Taken together, NS4B could play some roles in HCV resistance to IFN therapy.     

Apple Sucrose Transporter SUT1 and Sorbitol Transporter SOT6 Interact with Cytochrome b5 to Regulate Their Affinity for Substrate Sugars

Sugar transporters are central machineries to mediate cross-membrane transport of sugars into the cells, and sugar availability may serve as a signal to regulate the sugar transporters. However, the mechanisms of sugar transport regulation by signal sugar availability remain unclear in plant and animal cells. Here, we report that a sucrose transporter, MdSUT1, and a sorbitol transporter, MdSOT6, both localized to plasma membrane, were identified from apple (Malus domestica) fruit. Using a combination of the split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid, immunocoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, the two distinct sugar transporters were shown to interact physically with an apple endoplasmic reticulum-anchored cytochrome b5 MdCYB5 in vitro and in vivo. In the yeast systems, the two different interaction complexes function to up-regulate the affinity of the sugar transporters, allowing cells to adapt to sugar starvation. An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homolog of MdCYB5, AtCYB5-A, also interacts with the two sugar transporters and functions similarly. The point mutations leucine-73 → proline in MdSUT1 and leucine-117 → proline in MdSOT6, disrupting the bimolecular interactions but without significantly affecting the transporter activities, abolish the stimulating effects of the sugar transporter-cytochrome b5 complex on the affinity of the sugar transporters. However, the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cytochrome b5 ScCYB5, an additional interacting partner of the two plant sugar transporters, has no function in the regulation of the sugar transporters, indicating that the observed biological functions in the yeast systems are specific to plant cytochrome b5s. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which the plant cells tailor sugar uptake to the surrounding sugar availability.     

猪胃肠道黏膜二糖酶的性质

研究了猪小肠中麦芽糖酶,蔗糖酶和乳糖酶3种二糖酶的生化性质及活性分布。试验以3头“杜加”生长猪为对象,屠宰并刮取胃底部,十二指肠,空肠上段和回肠黏膜。其中空肠黏膜用于3种二糖酶生化性质的研究,包括酶的最适温度,热稳定性,最适pH ,pH稳定范围和金属离子对酶活性的影响;胃底部,十二指肠,空肠上段和回肠黏膜用于测定3种二糖酶活性以揭示其在胃扬中的分布规律。试验结果表明：麦芽糖酶,蔗糖酶和乳糖酶的最适反应温度分别为50,45和55℃,最适pH分别为6.8,6.5和6．0;乳糖酶的耐热温度（70℃）高于麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶（50℃）;不同pH对3种二糖酶活性影响不大;金属离子Cu^2 和Fe^2 对3种二糖酶均有激活作用;而Mn^2 有抑制作用。此外,Zn^2 能抑制麦芽糖酶活性,提高蔗糖酶活性,而不影响乳糖酶活性。3种二糖酶活性在肠道中由高到低的分布为：空肠,回肠,十二指肠和胃;其中麦芽糖酶在空肠和回肠中活性相近。回肠和空肠黏膜中的麦芽糖酶活性均显著高于十二指肠和胃中的酶活性,十二指肠酶活性显著高于胃;空肠中蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性显著高于回肠,十二指肠和胃底部。从3种二糖酶活性大小看,胃底部和十二指肠中的麦芽糖酶活性显著高于蔗糖酶和乳糖酶;空肠上段和回肠中的麦芽糖酶活性显著高于蔗糖酶活性,蔗糖酶活性又显著高于乳糖酶。上述结果表明,3种二糖酶的生化性质具有一定的差异,在胃肠道中的活性分布规律相似。     

细胞因子人MK基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的高效表达(简报)

细胞因子Midkine(简称MK)是新发现的一类肝素结合因子家族中的一员。1988年,Kadamatsu等利用差异杂交法在经维甲酸诱导分化的小鼠畸胎瘤细胞株HM-1中首先克隆到小鼠MK基因。人MK基因则最早是从λgt10人胚肾(20-24周)cDNA库和EMBL-3人胎盘基因组库获得。成熟