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981.
South Africa currently has a high homicide rate. This results in a large number of unidentified bodies being recovered each year, many of which are referred to the forensic examiner. This situation has resulted in considerable growth of forensic anthropological research devoted to devising standards for specific application in South African medico-legal investigations. The standards suitable for Black South Africans now encompass a wide variety of skeletal elements (e.g. cranium, humerus, pelvis, femur, patella, talus, calcaneus), each with differing degrees of accuracy. Apart from a preliminary investigation of the Zulu local population, however, we note that there appears to be no established metric mandible discriminant function standards for sex determination in this population. The purpose of the present study is to undertake a comprehensive analysis of sexual dimorphism in the mandible of Black South Africans, incorporating individuals from a selection of the larger local population groupings; the primary aim is to produce a series of metrical standards for the determination of sex. The sample analyzed comprises 225 non-pathological mandibles of Black South African individuals drawn from the R.A. Dart Collection. Nine linear measurements, obtained from mathematically transformed three-dimensional landmark data, are analyzed using basic univariate statistics and discriminant function analyses. All of the measurements examined are found to be sexually dimorphic; the dimensions of the ramus and corpus lengths are most dimorphic. The sex classification accuracy of the discriminant functions ranged from 70.7 to 77.3% for the univariate method, 81.8% for the stepwise method, and 63.6 to 84% for the direct method. We conclude that the mandible is a very useful element for sex determination in this population. 相似文献
982.
Hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate statistics is an approach to microanalysis that makes the maximum use of the large amount of data potentially collected in forensics analysis. This study examines the efficacy of using hyperspectral imaging-enabled microscopies to identify chemical signatures in simulated bioagent materials. This approach allowed for the ready discrimination between all samples in the test. In particular, the hyperspectral imaging approach allowed for the identification of particles with trace elements that would have been missed with a more traditional approach to forensic microanalysis. The importance of combining signals from multiple length scales and analytical sensitivities is discussed. 相似文献
983.
Barringer PJ Studdert DM Kachalia AB Mello MM 《Journal of health politics, policy and law》2008,33(4):725-760
Periods in which the costs of personal injury litigation and liability insurance have risen dramatically have often provoked calls for reform of the tort system, and medical malpractice is no exception. One proposal for fundamental reform made during several of these volatile periods has been to relocate personal injury disputes from the tort system to an alternative, administrative forum. In the medical injury realm, a leading incarnation of such proposals in recent years has been the idea of establishing specialized administrative "health courts." Despite considerable stakeholder and policy-maker interest, administrative compensation proposals have tended to struggle for broad political acceptance. In this article, we consider the historical experience of administrative medical injury compensation proposals, particularly in light of comparative examples in the context of workplace injuries, automobile injuries, and vaccine injuries. We conclude by examining conditions that may facilitate or impede progress toward establishing demonstration projects of health courts. 相似文献
984.
Labat L Fontaine B Delzenne C Doublet A Marek MC Tellier D Tonneau M Lhermitte M Frimat P 《Forensic science international》2008,174(2-3):90-94
A previous study conducted in 1995 showed that psychoactive drug use by workers was higher in safety/security workstations than in the rest of the labour force. In order to verify this finding, we conducted a new study in 2003-2004 in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, restricted to truck drivers. The aim of this study was to allow harmonizing the professional practice of the occupational physicians, proposing drug prevention and drug testing policies, validating the analytical methods and the guidelines in case of positive testing results. One thousand truck drivers were studied. Urines were tested for amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine and methadone by immunoassay. Urine ethanol determinations were performed by an ADH method. Positive urines for drugs of abuse, methadone or buprenorphine were then tested by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Out of the 1000 drivers, cannabinoids were detected in 85 cases, opiates in 41 cases, amphetamines in 3 cases and cocaine in only one case. Buprenorphine was detected in 18 cases, methadone in 5 cases and benzodiazepines in 4 cases. Urine ethanol was positive in 50 cases. We found only one case with 6-monoacetylmorphine. Other positive opiates were metabolites of antitussives. The relatively low number of benzodiazepine positive urines could be explained by the lack of sensitivity of the test we used. All these results confirm those of the previous study for cannabinoids and ethanol in safety/security workstations. Positive results for methadone and buprenorphine are eight times higher than in the general population. In conclusion, the authors think that it will be of a great interest to test urine of truck drivers for other classes of psychoactive drugs, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. 相似文献
985.
Paul Jones is with Jones & Co., a multi-lingual law firmin Toronto, Canada. He found time in his busy schedule to respondto questions posed by JIPLP. How did you first become interested in IP? I began as a commercial lawyer doing franchising, which ledto an interest in trade marks. Later I had a small client whowas threatened with litigation 相似文献
986.
The efficacy of sex offender residence restriction laws in enhancing public safety is controversial and further complicated
by evidence that adverse collateral effects may negate or even outweigh whatever benefits they achieve. Based on the theory
of “distance decay” that postulates that offenders are more likely to recidivate closer to home, the statutes seek to distance
offenders from potential child victims. However, to the extent that such statutes preclude residence in large portions of
covered jurisdictions, it has been argued that they contribute to social instability, relegation of offenders to rural or
undesirable locations, and even homelessness. A small number of studies have demonstrated the impact of restrictions on residential
availability and compliance with the laws, but methodologic issues make it difficult to compare findings. This study uses
parcel geocoding, a computerized mapping method, to examine the impact of the sex offender residency restrictions enacted
in Erie and Schenectady Counties, NY. Identification and mapping of restricted locations revealed that in nonurban areas,
available residential locations were drastically reduced by the restrictions (89.46% and 73.16% restricted in the two counties)
and in urban areas almost completely eliminated (95.45% and 97.21%). Unexpectedly, however, when the registered sex offenders
in each county were matched to their addresses in the state database, analysis revealed that residence restrictions had no
demonstrable effect on where offenders live. More than 85% of offenders in each of the counties were found living in the urban
centers, the vast majority of whom (91.89% and 100%) were matched to addresses in restricted locations. These findings may
have important policy and procedural implications in the creation and enforcement of sex offender statutes, as well as in
the evaluation of those presently in place. 相似文献
987.
Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
988.
Revolution Blues: The Reconstruction of Health and Safety Law as ‘Common‐sense’ Regulation 下载免费PDF全文
Paul Almond 《Journal of law and society》2015,42(2):202-229
This article reviews the last five years of coalition government policy making in relation to occupational health and safety law. It shows that the most significant and influential element of this activity has been the reframing of the wider regulatory system according to a dominant ideological paradigm of ‘common‐sense’ regulation, to the detriment of other considerations and interests. A social constructionist framework assists in setting out the means through which this new ‘symbolic universe’ of regulatory possibility has been constructed and promulgated within the policymaking arena. In particular, it identifies the key role played by processes of deliberative regulatory engagement in the construction and development of this approach, and identifies the inherent vulnerability of ‘thin’ forms of deliberation to this sort of application. 相似文献
989.
990.