油田采油阻垢剂筛选研究

为了筛选出适合某油田使用的阻垢剂,通过分析油田水质及垢样的 XRD,发现垢样成分主要为碳酸钙和硫酸钙. 在测定了 11 种阻垢剂钙容忍度的基础上,采用静态实验法和模拟油田水体法,测定了各种阻垢剂的阻垢率,对比后,筛选出了适合油田水质特点和垢体类型的 POCA 阻垢剂,在 80 ℃油田水质环境下,其添加质量浓度为 20 mg/L 时,阻垢率为 81.27%,钙容忍度高于 20 000.     

The coconut pathosystem: weed hosts of nymphs of the American palm Cixiid Haplaxius crudus (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)

Lethal yellowing (LY) of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) is a disease of economic importance that is caused by the phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae’ and is transmitted by the planthopper Haplaxius crudus (Van Duzee) (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). This study explores the weeds used by H. crudus nymphs and other Cixiidae in a coconut pathosystem in southern Mexico. Nymphs were collected directly from the root system of each weed by hand or with the help of a vacuum after carefully opening the culm. This study included 11 species of weeds: nine Poaceae [Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick, B. mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Digitaria abyssinica (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv., Leersia hexandra Sw., Panicum laxum Sw., P. maximum Jacq., Paspalum notatum Flüggé]; one Cyperaceae [Cyperus ligularis L.], and one Portulacaceae: [Portulaca pilosa L.]. Brachiaria mutica, E. petraea, B. humidicola, P. maximum were identified as the principal host species for H. crudus nymphs. Brachiaria decumbens, D. abyssinica, and C. ligularis are new host records for the nymphs of H. crudus. Additionally, it was found that H. crudus may coexist with its cogeners H. skarphion Kramer (Cixiidae) and H. caldwelli Kramer (Cixiidae), on B. mutica. On C. ligularis, H. crudus may coexist with Oecleus snowi Ball (Cixiidae) nymphs. These results suggest that in the coconut pathosystem there is a complex of multitrophic interactions that should be considered in integrated management of LY.     

Demography of the Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii , from the central Chihuahuan Desert

The demography of a population of Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii , was examined from 2004 to 2006 in the canyon Las Piedras Encimadas, located in Gomez Palacio, Durango, México. Lizards were studied using a mark-recapture technique. Reproduction in females occurred between November and May, coinciding with dry conditions. Reproductive activity was highest (percent of females with vitellogenic follicles or embryos) in the middle of the dry season (November and December). Thirteen percent of females reached sexual maturity at an average age of 8.5 months. The population structure was similar in spring and fall, but not in summer. A notable feature of summer, coinciding with the wet season, was the greater number of hatchlings and juveniles. The overall sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. The density of adults varied from 12 to 62 animals ? 0.5 ha –1 . Temperate and arid-adapted populations of S. jarrovii exhibited broad similarity in timing of the reproductive season, whereas factors such as density, growth, age at sexual maturity, and survivorship differed.     

基于单片机的汽车防撞预警系统

设计了一用于单片机教学的新型实验教学系统——汽车防撞预警系统。该系统以SPCE061A微处理器为控制核心,实现了超声波测距、语音播报、声光报警和自动刹车等功能,硬件电路设计简单、人机对话界面友好和成本低,运行过程中测量准确、性能优良,对学生综合专业实践起到了非常好的训练作用。     

集装箱船体波浪载荷应力短期分布的统计分析

基于对波浪载荷所引起的交变应力范围数据统计分析的结论,建议用一类双峰正态混合分布拟合．利用EM算法对混合分布的参数进行估计,借助估计出的参数值,揭示了在一定条件下船体不同部位疲劳载荷的固有关系．船体波浪载荷应力在船首处尤为复杂,双峰对称正态逆高斯混合分布对该处波浪载荷所引起的交变应力范围数据拟合效果更好．实证分析表明,所提供的概率分布参数能够反映船体不同部位的疲劳载荷大小,所得到的关于船体不同部位疲劳载荷固有关系的结论可为船舶运行品质研究提供理论基础．     

连廊连接非对称双塔连体结构的连接参数研究

根据双塔连体结构柔性连接体系的3-DOF模型,以平稳白噪声为地震动激励,推导了塔楼位移的频响函数及功率谱密度函数,建立了结构振动能量表达式．以连廊两端的连接刚度和连接阻尼为研究参数,分别以单体塔楼结构和整体结构的振动能量最小为控制目标,采用数值分析方法探讨了连廊两端连接刚度和连接阻尼对结构振动的影响,得到了多种工况下的优化连接参数分布和在EICentro波、Taft波及人工波激励下的时程分析对比了减震效果．最后对某工程实例进行了位移反应功率谱密度分布分析和地震作用时程分析,对比了减震效果．结果表明连廊两端连接参数对底部塔楼结构动力反应具有交叉影响,塔楼结构不能同时达到最优减震效果,但可根据不同控制目标选取优化参数以取得较好减震效果．     

Improving moving average trading rules with boosting and statistical learning methods

We present a system for combining the different types of predictions given by a wide category of mechanical trading rules through statistical learning methods (boosting, and several model averaging methods like Bayesian or simple averaging methods). Statistical learning methods supply better out‐of‐sample results than most of the single moving average rules in the NYSE Composite Index from January 1993 to December 2002. Moreover, using a filter to reduce trading frequency, the filtered boosting model produces a technical strategy which, although it is not able to overcome the returns of the buy‐and‐hold (B&H) strategy during rising periods, it does overcome the B&H during falling periods and is able to absorb a considerable part of falls in the market. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stepwise replication identifies a low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha allele as a major risk factor for early-onset leprosy

Host genetics has an important role in leprosy, and variants in the shared promoter region of PARK2 and PACRG were the first major susceptibility factors identified by positional cloning. Here we report the linkage disequilibrium mapping of the second linkage peak of our previous genome-wide scan, located close to the HLA complex. In both a Vietnamese familial sample and an Indian case-control sample, the low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA)+80 A allele was significantly associated with an increase in leprosy risk (P = 0.007 and P = 0.01, respectively). Analysis of an additional case-control sample from Brazil and an additional familial sample from Vietnam showed that the LTA+80 effect was much stronger in young individuals. In the combined sample of 298 Vietnamese familial trios, the odds ratio of leprosy for LTA+80 AA/AC versus CC subjects was 2.11 (P = 0.000024), which increased to 5.63 (P = 0.0000004) in the subsample of 121 trios of affected individuals diagnosed before 16 years of age. In addition to identifying LTA as a major gene associated with early-onset leprosy, our study highlights the critical role of case- and population-specific factors in the dissection of susceptibility variants in complex diseases.     

Systematic pathway analysis using high-resolution fitness profiling of combinatorial gene deletions

Systematic genetic interaction studies have illuminated many cellular processes. Here we quantitatively examine genetic interactions among 26 Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes conferring resistance to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), as determined by chemogenomic fitness profiling of pooled deletion strains. We constructed 650 double-deletion strains, corresponding to all pairings of these 26 deletions. The fitness of single- and double-deletion strains were measured in the presence and absence of MMS. Genetic interactions were defined by combining principles from both statistical and classical genetics. The resulting network predicts that the Mph1 helicase has a role in resolving homologous recombination-derived DNA intermediates that is similar to (but distinct from) that of the Sgs1 helicase. Our results emphasize the utility of small molecules and multifactorial deletion mutants in uncovering functional relationships and pathway order.