RTK-GPS与全站仪在公路工程测量中长度投影的改正方法

文章结合实际项目阐述了公路工程中RTK-GPS与全站仪在测量长度投影变形值的改正方法.     

Senescence surveillance of pre-malignant hepatocytes limits liver cancer development

Upon the aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal cells can enter the cellular senescence program, a state of stable cell-cycle arrest, which represents an important barrier against tumour development in vivo. Senescent cells communicate with their environment by secreting various cytokines and growth factors, and it was reported that this 'secretory phenotype' can have pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects. Here we show that oncogene-induced senescence occurs in otherwise normal murine hepatocytes in vivo. Pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes secrete chemo- and cytokines and are subject to immune-mediated clearance (designated as 'senescence surveillance'), which depends on an intact CD4(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. Impaired immune surveillance of pre-malignant senescent hepatocytes results in the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), thus showing that senescence surveillance is important for tumour suppression in vivo. In accordance with these observations, ras-specific Th1 lymphocytes could be detected in mice, in which oncogene-induced senescence had been triggered by hepatic expression of Nras(G12V). We also found that CD4(+) T cells require monocytes/macrophages to execute the clearance of senescent hepatocytes. Our study indicates that senescence surveillance represents an important extrinsic component of the senescence anti-tumour barrier, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program is involved in tumour immune surveillance by mounting specific immune responses against antigens expressed in pre-malignant senescent cells.     

S-nitrosylation of NADPH oxidase regulates cell death in plant immunity

Changes in redox status are a conspicuous feature of immune responses in a variety of eukaryotes, but the associated signalling mechanisms are not well understood. In plants, attempted microbial infection triggers the rapid synthesis of nitric oxide and a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates, the latter generated by NADPH oxidases related to those responsible for the pathogen-activated respiratory burst in phagocytes. Both nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates have been implicated in controlling the hypersensitive response, a programmed execution of plant cells at sites of attempted infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin their function and coordinate their synthesis are unknown. Here we show genetic evidence that increases in cysteine thiols modified using nitric oxide, termed S-nitrosothiols, facilitate the hypersensitive response in the absence of the cell death agonist salicylic acid and the synthesis of reactive oxygen intermediates. Surprisingly, when concentrations of S-nitrosothiols were high, nitric oxide function also governed a negative feedback loop limiting the hypersensitive response, mediated by S-nitrosylation of the NADPH oxidase, AtRBOHD, at Cys 890, abolishing its ability to synthesize reactive oxygen intermediates. Accordingly, mutation of Cys 890 compromised S-nitrosothiol-mediated control of AtRBOHD activity, perturbing the magnitude of cell death development. This cysteine is evolutionarily conserved and specifically S-nitrosylated in both human and fly NADPH oxidase, suggesting that this mechanism may govern immune responses in both plants and animals.     

A terahertz metamaterial with unnaturally high refractive index

Controlling the electromagnetic properties of materials, going beyond the limit that is attainable with naturally existing substances, has become a reality with the advent of metamaterials. The range of various structured artificial 'atoms' has promised a vast variety of otherwise unexpected physical phenomena, among which the experimental realization of a negative refractive index has been one of the main foci thus far. Expanding the refractive index into a high positive regime will complete the spectrum of achievable refractive index and provide more design flexibility for transformation optics. Naturally existing transparent materials possess small positive indices of refraction, except for a few semiconductors and insulators, such as lead sulphide or strontium titanate, that exhibit a rather high peak refractive index at mid- and far-infrared frequencies. Previous approaches using metamaterials were not successful in realizing broadband high refractive indices. A broadband high-refractive-index metamaterial structure was theoretically investigated only recently, but the proposed structure does not lend itself to easy implementation. Here we demonstrate that a broadband, extremely high index of refraction can be realized from large-area, free-standing, flexible terahertz metamaterials composed of strongly coupled unit cells. By drastically increasing the effective permittivity through strong capacitive coupling and decreasing the diamagnetic response with a thin metallic structure in the unit cell, a peak refractive index of 38.6 along with a low-frequency quasi-static value of over 20 were experimentally realized for a single-layer terahertz metamaterial, while maintaining low losses. As a natural extension of these single-layer metamaterials, we fabricated quasi-three-dimensional high-refractive-index metamaterials, and obtained a maximum bulk refractive index of 33.2 along with a value of around 8 at the quasi-static limit.     

中国大学生朗读英语基本句型的语调分析

通过使用Praat语音分析软件，对我国大学生和以英语为母语的本族语者所读的英语基本句型的语调进行了对比和初步的分析，指出了我国大学生朗读英语常用基本句型时所使用的语调的大致形态和特点，揭示了其中存在的问题。希望对我国大学生英语语调的学习有所启示和帮助。     

关于非线性离散随机系统的稳定性

通过极限方程理论,利用极限解的性质,给出了非线性时变离散时间随机系统上的一致全局渐近均方稳定的性质,它是在弱零状态检测和有界输出函数的假设条件基础上推出的.     

K148与K149对黑曲霉NRRL3135植酸酶A与植酸结合机制的影响

为了研究黑曲霉NRRL3135植酸酶A K148与K149对底物与酶的结合反应的影响,构建了一个单位点突变体(K148E)和一个双位点突变体(K148E和K149E),由于带电的氨基酸残基发生变化,造成这2个突变体的酶活性都有不同程度的减少,利用InsightII软件模拟了2种突变体酶的3-D结构,发现酶分子突变位置的表面电势有明显的改变.这2个α-螺旋(141～160)位点的改变可能降低了活性中心附近的底物浓度,减缓了底物与活性中心的反应速度.     

有线HFC多业务应用的研究

文章论述了有线电视多种业务,并将各种业务作了详细介绍,对今后工作具有指导意义。     

基于层次分析法的水质稳定药剂配方的性价比模型及其应用

结合价值工程原理,将系统工程中的层次分析法(AHP)引入到水处理领域,建立了水质稳定药剂配方的性价比模型。模型综合考察了配方的缓蚀、阻垢等技术性能,成分的毒理性能,环境友好性能以及处理成本等因素。通过模型计算,得到量化的性价比,以指导筛选配方。模型在密闭循环水系统筛选替代亚硝酸钠配方中获得成功应用。