The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer

All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in about ten per cent of tumours characterized by numerous mutations of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. Driver mutations were identified in several new cancer genes including AKT2, ARID1B, CASP8, CDKN1B, MAP3K1, MAP3K13, NCOR1, SMARCD1 and TBX3. Among the 100 tumours, we found driver mutations in at least 40 cancer genes and 73 different combinations of mutated cancer genes. The results highlight the substantial genetic diversity underlying this common disease.     

生态遗传算法在模糊系统辨识中的应用

给出一类模糊系统的模糊神经网络模型 .提出一种实用的生态算子 ,构建的生态遗传新算法有效解决了基本遗传算法的“早熟”问题 .采用新算法实现模糊神经网络模型的辨识 ,提高了辨识精度 .实例仿真结果验证了新算法在模糊系统辨识中的有效性     

粗集理论中的决策表条件属性的简化

根据粗集理论，给出一些概念的新的形式定义，包括决策表、决策表的正区、决策表条件属性的简化、等价关系族对前件Ⅱ型简化等，并讨论了几个等价关系，包括决策表的正区与等价关系族对正区的等价性，决策表条件属性的简化和等价关系族对前件Ⅰ型简化的等价性，协调决策表条件属性的简化和等价关系族对前件Ⅱ型简化的等价性等．     

The International HapMap Project

The goal of the International HapMap Project is to determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome and to make this information freely available in the public domain. An international consortium is developing a map of these patterns across the genome by determining the genotypes of one million or more sequence variants, their frequencies and the degree of association between them, in DNA samples from populations with ancestry from parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. The HapMap will allow the discovery of sequence variants that affect common disease, will facilitate development of diagnostic tools, and will enhance our ability to choose targets for therapeutic intervention.     

基于动态神经网络的非线性系统建模及其控制

结合已知机理信息构造动态神经网络 ,进行了非线性动态系统的建模 ,给出了权值调整算法。利用获得的模型 ,设计了反馈线性化控制器。由训练好的网络在线提供反馈线性化所需要的信息。为了解决模型失配问题 ,采用内模控制结构来引入模型的误差反馈 ,以消除稳态误差。文中给出了仿真实例。     

热式多传感器信息融合的气固质量流量检测

提了邮热式多传感器信息融合的气固质量流量检测方法,采有复合传感器,可同时按换热法和热平衡法两种原理进行固相流量在线测量,研究了两种方法的测量原理和数学模型,结合两种方法的测量结果,经过信息融合处理,可以提高气固质量流量检测的精度和可靠性。     

自适应斜率输出函数的BP算法

在分析BP算法学习过程的基础上,提出使用自适应斜率函数作为神经元的输出函数,以改善BP算法学习过慢的弱点。随后讨论了这种改进算法和标准BP算法学习性能上的差异,并在此基础上初步分析了网络输入值对这种差异的影响。最后在应用中验证了结论。     

过程控制中的TCP/IP网络

提出TCP/IP在过程控制中的应用. 评价TCP/IP控制系统性能,通过传统控制系统与TCP/IP控制系统的比较,指出采用TCP/IP 控制系统的优缺点. 说明过程控制技术中,采用TCP/IP是一种更好的选择.     

光学头定位系统的输入成形控制

光学头定位控制由于快速性的要求使得系统产生振荡,影响定位精度.本文应用输入成形方法抑制光头在定位时的振动.通过建立光学头机电系统的数学模型,对于无参数摄动和有参数摄动两种情形分别应用零振荡()和零振荡加微分()两种输入成形控制器进行振动抑制,计算机数值仿真结果表明,该方法对于抑制光学头定位过程中的振动具有较好的效果.     

基于RBF神经网络的电力系统自适应励磁控制器的设计

采用后推设计算法设计了SISO严格反馈系统的RBF神经网络自适应控制器。权值的调整算法基于所选择的积分型的Lyapunov函数 ,能保证整个闭环系统是最终一致有界的。把所设计的控制方案用于电力系统的励磁控制中。仿真结果表明 ,所设计的控制器具有良好的跟踪性能和鲁棒性