新疆城市化过程及机制分析

城市人则城市化研究的核心问题。在分析新疆城市化现状特征的基础上，围绕新疆城市发展的阶段和过程，采用多因素的灰色关联分析和比较分析等手段，对新疆1978－2000年间城市化发展过程进行分析和探讨，寻求并探索新疆城市化发展的特征、水平和演化机制。研究结果发现各因素与城市化的关联度不仅在横向上存在着指标间的差异，在纵向上显示出1990－2000间各指标与城市化的相关性明显高于1978－1989年间，部分指标与城市化关系发生了负向变化。表明近20多年来新疆城市化稳定发展，城市化系统条件（农村和城市的控制性次系统及整个社会经济文化）有一定的提高，体现了系统各因素与城市化发展的同向性以及区域发展的合理趋势，但整体薄弱的社会经济基础是新疆城市化落后的根本原因，产业结构升级转换仍将是新疆城市化的主要动力。     

The influence of Stokes drift on oil spills: Sanchi oil spill case

Spilled oil floats and travels across the water’s surface under the influence of wind, currents, and wave action. Wave-induced Stokes drift is an important physical process that can affect surface water particles but that is currently absent from oil spill analyses. In this study, two methods are applied to determine the velocity of Stokes drift, the first calculates velocity from the wind-related formula based upon a one-dimensional frequency spectrum, while the second determines velocity directly from the wave model that was based on a two-dimensional spectrum. The experimental results of numerous models indicated that: (1) oil simulations that include the influence of Stokes drift are more accurate than that those do not; (2) for medium and long-term simulations longer than two days or more, Stokes drift is a significant factor that should not be ignored, and its magnitude can reach about 2% of the wind speed; (3) the velocity of Stokes drift is related to the wind but is not linear. Therefore, Stokes drift cannot simply be replaced or substituted by simply increasing the wind drift factor, which can cause errors in oil spill projections; (4) the Stokes drift velocity obtained from the two-dimensional wave spectrum makes the oil spill simulation more accurate.     

国内外公共服务设施空间布局研究进展

按照纵向发展时序对国内外公共服务设施空间布局研究的视角、方法和主题进行了梳理。结果表明：国外研究主题历经了区位选择和布局模式、空间布局的公平性和可达性、布局的社会分异及其形成机制等的演变;研究视角从单纯的计量地理发展到与经济学、社会学等多学科交叉;研究方法从构建模型发展到与GIS结合等多种方法集成等。相比之下,国内研究差距明显,主要表现在研究视角欠缺多学科的交叉融合,方法多借鉴国外,缺乏创新,主题较为局限。最后提出未来研究应该多关注以下5方面：丰富可达性的内涵进行公平性度量;在以人为本的基础上整合配套多设施协同布局;注重设施的应时性和可变性;在大数据背景下开展小尺度的实证研究;植根中国实际,研究对象转向农村地区以及城市边缘区。     

长江中下游地区暖区暴雨特征分析

利用2007到2013年5-9月间常规和非常规资料以及6 h一次的NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,将长江中下游地区暖区暴雨按天气形势划分为冷锋前暖区暴雨、暖切变暖区暴雨以及副热带高压边缘暖区暴雨三种类型。统计表明暖区暴雨一般发生在距离切变线(锋线)100~300 km的暖区内。主要结论包括:(1)冷锋型降水强度偏弱且分布均匀,集中在5、6月;暖切变型发生次数最多且强度大,主要发生在6、7月长江中下游地区的偏南部;副热带高压边缘型发生次数最少但强度较大,发生在7、8月。暖区暴雨的发生次数及强度在大别山、皖南山区较为集中。(2)暖区暴雨中短时强降水贡献大。(3)冷锋背景下的暖区暴雨一般产生在锋前低压槽中,暴雨落区与高低空急流耦合有紧密联系;暖切变型以低层暖切变线为主要天气背景,地面常有弱静止锋,暖区对流活动与中尺度急流结构、地形强迫等因素存在较高的相关性;副热带高压边缘暖区暴雨与局地的水汽积累和对流不稳定条件的发展有密切关系。据此建立三类暖区暴雨的概念模型。     

大连地区一次副热带高压边缘暖锋暴雨机制分析

利用常规气象观测资料、自动站逐时降雨量资料以及NCEP逐6小时再分析资料（1°×1°）,对2020年8月31日大连地区一次副热带高压（下称副高）边缘暖锋暴雨过程的环境场特征和动力热力机制进行了分析。结果表明：暴雨发生在远距离台风活动的有利背景下,由副高、500 hPa高空槽和850 hPa暖式切变线共同影响所致。大连地区处于副高边缘,台风造成副高西伸北抬,副高和台风外围的偏南暖湿气流共同为暴雨区输送充足的水汽条件,为此次暴雨的产生提供了有利的大尺度环流背景场。暴雨发生前大气对流不稳定,深厚的湿层和暖云层以及较低的云底高度,是产生较高降雨效率的有利条件。850 hPa比湿大于14 g﹒kg-1,超过区域暴雨阈值;近地层出现强水汽通量辐合中心并配合上升运动区,对强降水的预报具有明显指示意义。高空急流提供强辐散“抽吸”作用,对流层中下层西南风的不断加强和向下传播出现低空和超低空急流,高、低空急流耦合形成较强的上升运动,触发不稳定能量释放,产生强降水,超低空急流的出现对此次暴雨的产生、发展和维持发挥关键的作用。暴雨区上空存在广义位温等值线密集带和陡立区,由于凝结潜热释放而引起广义位温高值区呈漏斗状向下伸展,中低层强暖平流促使湿斜压性显著增强,有利于暖锋锋生,从而导致整层饱和大气的抬升,最终产生强降雨天气。     

Experimental study on the shear behavior of the interface between cushion materials and the concrete raft

Cushion is a layer of granular materials between the raft and the ground. The shear behavior of the interface between the cushion and the raft may influence the seismic performance of the superstructure. In order to quantify such influences, horizontal shear tests on the interfaces between different cushion materials and concrete raft under monotonic and cyclic loading were carried out. The vertical pressure P_v, material type and cushion thickness h_c were taken as variables. Conclusions include: 1) under monotonic loading, P_v is the most significant factor; the shear resistance P_(hmax) increases as P_v increases, but the normalized factor of resistance μ_n has an opposite tendency; 2) for the materials used in this study, μ_n varies from 0.40 to 0.70, the interface friction angle δ_s varies from 20° to 35°, while u_(max) varies from 3 mm to 15 mm; 3) under cyclic loading, the interface behavior can be abstracted as a "three-segment" back-bone curve, the main parameters include μ_n, the displacement u_1 and stiffness K_1 of the elastic stage, the displacement u_2 and stiffness K_2 of the plastic stage; 4) by observation and statistical analysis, the significance of different factors, together with values of K_1, K_2 and μ_n have been obtained.     

Revisiting the death of geography in the era of Big Data: the friction of distance in cyberspace and real space

Many scholars have argued that the importance of geographic proximity in human interactions has been diminished by the use of the Internet, while others disagree with this argument. Studies have noted the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, showing that interactions occur with an inverse relationship between the number of interactions and the distance between the locations of the interactors. However, these studies rarely provide strong evidence to show the influence of distance on interactions in cyberspace, nor do they quantify the differences in the amount of friction of distance between cyberspace and real space. To fill this gap, this study used massive amounts of social media data (Twitter) to compare the influence of distance decay on human interactions between cyberspace and real space in a quantitative manner. To estimate the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, the distance decay function of interactions in each space was modeled. Estimating the distance decay in cyberspace in this study can help predict the degree of information flow across space through social media. Measuring how far ideas can be diffused through social media is useful for users of location-based services, policy advocates, public health officials, and political campaigners.     

A systematic study on energy dependence of quasi-periodic oscillation frequency in GRS 1915+105

Systematically studying all the RXTE/PCA observations for GRS 1915+105 before November 2010, we have discovered three additional patterns in the relation between Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) frequency and photon energy, extending earlier outcomes reported by Qu et al. (Astrophys. J. 710:836, 2010). We have confirmed that as QPO frequency increases, the relation evolves from the negative correlation to positive one. The newly discovered patterns provide new constraints on the QPO models.     

华北南部地区——古生界构造演化及其油气远景

华北南部地区的地质演化与华北其他地区一样，经历了结晶基底形成，中一晚元古代台内裂谷发育、古生代稳定地台沉积和中一新生代活化等发展过程。但本区受秦岭褶皱带构造活动的强列影响。因而具有相对独特的构造演化特征和油气控制条件。早寒武世中期，古秦岭海槽伸展扩张，沉积了一套全区广泛分布的以碳酸盐岩为主夹泥页岩的地层；晚寒武世开始，古秦岭海槽向北俯冲挤压，在本区南部出现一个平行于海槽的大陆边缘隆起；中奥陶世发生