Integration of a Multi-Stage Bulk Materials Acquisition System from the Viewpoint of Dock Operations

A multi-stage bulk materials acquisition system is examined from the viewpoint of dock operations. The whole process can be divided into four stages and treated as four subsystems: ships scheduling planning, material yard planning, dock arrangement, and material discharging. Since the structure and the complexity of each subsystem is different, the solution approaches applied are also different with respect to each. To increase operations efficiency and data consistency, an integration of the subsystems by coordinating the operations sequence and data communications for the four subsystems is discussed. The four subsystems are illustrated by using the material docks of China Steel Corporation, and the models developed in this research are also validated. The results indicate that the models developed are capable of deriving solutions better than the existing ones. Although the discussions are confined to China Steel Corporation, the models can be applied to other companies with similar operations.     

深海观测平台技术

介绍了深海观测平台的重要性,以及国内外在此项技术上的发展现状,并提出了一套深海观测平台技术的设计构想以及对于未来发展方向的建议和展望。     

胶州湾夏季异养浮游细菌的时空变化规律及影响因素

2001年夏季对胶州湾异养浮游细菌在一个潮周期内的变化规律及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,胶州湾异养浮游细菌数量的垂直分布特征是表层大于底层,表层平均8.99×109个/L,底层平均5.23×109个/L。胶州湾水体异养浮游细菌日变化幅度在表层水体较为明显,底层相对较小,但其变化规律均为最高值在小潮期而最低值出现在大潮期。浮游动物摄食、浮游植物光合作用产生的溶解有机物及水温和日光中的紫外辐射是影响胶州湾异养浮游细菌昼夜变化的主要因素,水交换是影响其日变化的主要因素。     

日照近海金乌贼生物学的初步研究

为给金乌贼渔业的可持续发展提供依据,通过形态学观察及生物学测定,初步研究了山东日照岚山头近海金乌贼Sepia esculentaHoyle,1885的外部形态特征和生物学特性(胴长与体重组成、生长参数相关关系等),并结合相关资料,对其生活史进行了讨论。研究结果表明:金乌贼胴长(ML)与体重(TW)之间的关系为:TW幼体=6.0×10-4ML2.762 6,TW♀=6.0×10-4ML2.767 1,TW♂=12.0×10-4ML2.585 6;金乌贼为异速生长型,其生长迅速、个体生长差异较大;5~6月为金乌贼繁殖季节,成体交配产卵后死亡,属1年生头足类。     

高精度实验室盐度计测量结果的不确定度分析

为了使高精度实验室盐度计的检定、校准工作更加科学、准确、合理,在此对高精度实验室盐度计验收过程进行分析,然后根据数据处理规则和JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对测量结果的不确定度进行了详细的分析和评定。     

罗非鱼、南美白对虾对重金属富集的研究

对广东省养殖的罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus及南美白对虾Litopeneaus vannamei体内Pb、Cd、Hg、As 4种重金属富集及分布状况进行研究。比较了不同规格罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内重金属差异。分析重金属在罗非鱼及南美白对虾不同部位的分布状况。结果表明,罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内Pb、Cd、Hg、As均有不同程度的检出,但含量均低于国家限定标准(NY5125-2002);其中Pb的含量最高,罗非鱼和南美白对虾体内Pb含量最高值分别为限量的39.32%和42.18%;重金属含量因其规格大小及部位而异,趋势为大规格样品重金属含量相对较高,重金属含量在罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内的增长情况与其体重具有正相关性;罗非鱼内脏重金属含量明显高于肌肉组织,虾头为虾重金属富集的主要部位。     

A comparison of several wave spectra for the random wave diffraction by a semi-infinite breakwater

A comparison of the diffraction of multidirectional random waves using several selected wave spectrum models is presented in this paper. Six wave spectrum models, Bretschneider, Pierson–Moskowitz, ISSC, ITTC, Mitsuyasu, and JONSWAP spectrum, are considered. A discrete form for each of the given spectrum models is used to specify the incident wave conditions. Analytical solutions based on both the Fresnel integrals and polynomial approximations of the Fresnel integrals and numerical solutions of a boundary integral approach have been used to obtain the two-dimensional wave diffraction by a semi-infinite breakwater at uniform water depth. The diffraction of random waves is based on the cumulative superposition of linear diffraction solution. The results of predicted random wave diffraction for each of the given spectrum models are compared with those of the published physical model presented by Briggs et al. [1995. Wave diffraction around breakwater. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering—ASCE 121(1), 23–35]. Reasonable agreement is obtained in all cases. The effect of the directional spreading function is also examined from the results of the random wave diffraction. Based on these comparisons, the present model for the analysis of various wave spectra is found to be an accurate and efficient tool for predicting the random wave field around a semi-infinite breakwater or inside a harbor of arbitrary geometry in practical applications.     

近岸溢油漂移扩散预测方法研究——以胶州湾溢油事件为例

近些年,由于中国经济的高速发展,原油需求逐年增长,同时海上溢油事故发生的风险也在加剧。海上溢油会严重破坏海洋环境,危害我国经济发展,加强溢油漂移扩散预报研究能够为海上溢油应急响应提供技术支撑。因此,国家海洋信息中心研发了海上突发事件应急一体化预测预警系统。该系统基于GIS平台研发,能够在二维电子海图基础上叠加相关的海洋环境动力要素信息,模拟溢油扩散和漂移态势,同时计算剩余油量,估算溢油面积以及岸线吸附程度等。2013年11月22日,山东黄岛发生输油管道爆炸事故,造成大量原油溢入胶州湾。本文利用该系统结合高分辨率大气模型WRF的三重嵌套技术和海流模型SELFE的非结构化网格加密技术,对事故溢油漂移扩散开展了预测工作。预测结果显示,油污受胶州湾内往复流的影响极大,72 h后,胶州湾内外大部分海域都将存在油污,主要集中在黄岛沿岸海域、团岛及浮山湾附近,预测扫海面积为70.32 km2。经海事部门高分辨率卫星观测结果印证,系统模拟的溢油分布较为合理。该系统的业务化应用为相关海上溢油污染应急工作提供了一定理论依据和参考。     

海岛旅游效率空间格局演变及影响因素研究 ——以中国12个海岛县(区)为例

旅游产业是海岛地区的重要产业之一，借助 DEA 模型测度 12 个海岛县 （区） 的旅游效率，采用组合方法对海岛旅游效率的空间特征演变进行刻画，并通过 EVIEWS 软件分析海岛旅游效率的影响因素。 （1） 海岛旅游综合效率总体不高，技术效率是海岛旅游效率发展的主要驱动力，规模效率水平较低，海岛旅游发展能力未得到全面发挥。 （2） 海岛县 （区） 之间旅游效率总体差异不大，相对差异明显。海岛旅游效率空间状态演变由不稳定趋向于稳定，可能存在“贫困陷阱”和“俱乐部趋同”现象。 （3） 经济发展水平、生态环境、科技信息对海岛旅游效率的发展起到积极的推动作用，产业结构、交通条件、城镇化是海岛旅游效率发展的约束性因素。     

Methane-dominated thermochemical sulphate reduction in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation East Sichuan Basin, China: towards prediction of fatal H2S concentrations

New sour pools have recently found in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm carbonate reservoirs in the East Sichuan Basin in China with H₂S up to 17.4% by volume. A recent blowout from a well drilled into this formation killed hundreds of people as a result of the percentage concentrations of H₂S. In order to assess the origin of fatal H₂S as well as the cause of petroleum alteration, H₂S concentrations and the isotopes, δ³⁴S and δ¹³C have been collected and measured in gas samples from reservoirs. Anhydrite, pyrite and elemental sulphur δ³⁴S values have been measured for comparison. The high concentrations of H₂S gas are found to occur at depths >3000 m (temperature now at 100 °C) in evaporated platform facies oolitic dolomite or limestone that contains anhydrite nodule occurrence within the reservoirs. Where H₂S concentrations are greater than 10% its δ³⁴S values lie between +12.0 and +13.2‰ CDT. This is within the range of anhydrite δ³⁴S values found within the Feixianguan Fm (+11.0 to +21.7‰; average 15.5±3.5‰ CDT). Thus H₂S must have been generated by thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) locally within the reservoirs. Burial history analysis and fluid inclusion data reveal that the temperature at which TSR occurred was greater than about 130–140 °C, suggesting that the present depth-temperature minimum is an artifact of post-TSR uplift. Both methane and ethane were actively involved in TSR since the petroleum became almost totally dry (no alkanes except methane) and methane δ¹³C values become significantly heavier as TSR proceeded. Methane δ¹³C difference thus reflects the extent of TSR. While it is tempting to use a present-day depth control (>3000 m) to predict the distribution of H₂S in the Feixianguan Fm, this is an invalid approach since TSR occurred when the formation was buried some 1000–2000 m deeper than it is at present. The likelihood of differential uplift across the basin means that it is important to develop a basinal understanding of the thermal history of the Feixianguan Fm so that it is possible to determine which parts of the basin have been hotter than 130–140 °C.