洮河泥沙分布及变化分析

以洮河红旗站1956~2005年水文监测资料为依据,通过对泥沙分布特征、年内年际变化规律和水沙匹配情况进行分析,得出洮河泥沙具有含量高、输沙总量大、产沙的区域性、年际的波动性、年内的不均匀性和时间的集中性六大特点。     

玲珑金矿田成矿构造特征及矿体富集规律

玲珑金矿田位于招——掖成矿带的东北部,素以矿脉数量多,成矿条件好、含金富而驰名中外。金矿体产出严格受断裂构造控制,研究成矿构造特征及矿体富集规律,指导探寻盲矿体,扩大矿山资源远景,具有重要意义。     

陕西汉中梁山二叠系乐平统底部吴家坪组王坡页岩新认识

陕西汉中梁山瓜德鲁普统—乐平统界线(GLB)附近的吴家坪组底部王坡页岩段长期以来被认为是古风化壳沉积,代表了茅口期后暴露于地表风化剥蚀的产物。最近对该地层进行了重新研究,采集了系列岩石和化石样品,进行了X射线衍射、古生物学、岩相学和岩石学分析。X射线衍射分析表明该粘土层主要矿物成分为蒙脱石71%,片沸石23%,石英6%,暗示其物质来源于火山玻璃。岩相学分析显示岩石主要由蚀变矿物组成,具有蚀变残留玻屑凝灰质结构,其中蒙脱石、片沸石保留了原岩中的玻屑的塑性形态。粘土层中大量腕足动物化石暗示其为海相环境。研究结果表明王坡页岩是典型的斑脱岩,并非风化壳和长期剥蚀的产物,而是峨眉山大火成岩省火山喷发时火山灰在海相环境下沉积、蚀变的产物。火山灰在正常浅海沉积时对海洋生态系统造成严重破坏,导致了包括腕足动物在内的海洋生物的生存危机。     

敦化—密山断裂带（二道甸子—大山嘴子段）断裂活动性评价

敦密断裂带是发育历史长、活动期次多的区域性大断裂,其形成时代及不同时代的活动性务学性质不同。为评价敦化及周围地区的区域地壳稳定性,借助于断层泥热释光测定、断裂气测量及地震、火山资料对断裂带的没部位做出了稳定和相对稳定的定量结论。     

塑性图在判别膨胀土中的应用

一、膨胀土及其判别方法的重要意义吸水膨胀,失水收缩是粘性土的共性,并非为膨胀土所特有。当粘性土的胀缩性能增大到一定程度,产生膨胀压力或收缩裂缝时,并足以危及建筑物的稳定安全时,可将其作为一种特殊土独立区分出来称为“膨胀土”。可见膨胀土实属粘性土的一种。由此也就自然产生如何准确判别、区分膨胀土的问题。     

矿床统计预测的理论与实践

一、发展背景与历史回顾 近年来,世界上一些科学家在研究当前世界所面临的基本问题时指出:人口、粮食、能源、资源及环境乃是五个最大的全球性问题。第26届国际地质大会主席让·奥布安在一次会上也曾尖锐指出:“本世纪末的中心问题就是能源和矿产资源问题。”这些提法虽未尽全面,但可以看出,随着科学技术和生产的迅速发展,人们对矿产资源的需求日益增长。矿物原料生产和消费量正以惊人的速度上升。有人统计,从20世纪初至现在,Al的年产量增长了1000倍以上、Ni增长240倍、Cu增长12倍、Zn是10倍、Pb是4倍、Sn为2倍。而消费量仅     

Geochemistry of the Jinman Vein—Type Copper Deposit,Western Yunnan Province,China——I.Element Geochemical Characteristics

The Jinman copper deposit,which is situated on the northern margin of the Lanping-Simao back-arc basin,western Yunnan Province,is a silver-bearing,high-grade vein-type copper deposit.Comprehensive element geochemical studies of the host rocks and hydrothermal minerals revealed the regularities in the distribution,mobilization and transport of elements from the host rocks to hydrothermal minerals.In conjunction with the fluid inclusion and isotope data,it is suggested that the ore-forming fluid was derived mainly from a deep source characterized by CO2 enrichment and reduction in nature.It is also suggested that the oreforming materials come largely from a deep source.although the contribution of the country rocks should not be ruled out.It is also found that some hydrothermal minerals are possessed of MREE-enrichment patterns.It is deduced that the REEs in the deep-source ore fluid were transported in the form of CO3^2- complexes and were deposited in a continental basin(or a hot-spring basin).     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUMMER LOW-FREQUENCY RAINFALL OVER SOUTHERN CHINA AND PROPAGATION OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION

This study investigates the relationship between summer low-frequency rainfall over southern China and tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the atmosphere by examining systematically the propagation features of the tropical ISO in terms of focusing on five large-scale low-frequency rainfall regimes in summer over southern China. It is demonstrated that there is a close linkage between the five rainfall regimes over southern China and the northward propagation of the tropical ISO. The moist ISO signals, which influence the low-frequency rainfall events in different regions of southern China, mainly propagate northwestward from the tropical ocean to the southeast of China. The southeast China rainfall regime is intimately associated with the moist ISO signals propagating northwestward from the equatorial mid-western Pacific Ocean. For both the Yangtze River regime and South of Yangtze River regime, the moist ISO signals over the northern South China Sea show an evident northward propagation towards the Yangtze River region, and then propagate westward. It is further found that the interaction between the northward propagation of low-latitude ISO signals and the southward propagation of high-latitude ISO signals can also make a clear influence on the low-frequency rainfall in southern China. For the Southern China regime, the moist ISO signals show a significant northward propagation from the Philippines. Moreover, for the rainless regime, southern China is under dry ISO signals’ control, and the latter shows no clear propagation to southern China. This study may provide insights for the extended-range forecasting of summer rainfall in southern China.     

地基GPS反演大气可降水量方法的改进

利用地基GPS反演大气可降水量（PW,precipitable water）的方法中,GPS PW的准确度依赖于天顶静力延迟（ZHD,zenith hydrostatic delay）的计算模型和转换系数П。分析Saastamoinen模型、Hopfield模型、Black模型计算的ZHD误差发现,其计算的ZHD与探空ZHD相比具有模型偏差,这些模型偏差换算成对GPS PW的影响约为4～10 mm。通过回归建模,对Saastamoinen模型、Hopfield模型和Black模型中的系数进行修正后,可明显减小这些模型偏差,且不影响这些模型的精度。转换系数П是大气加权平均温度（Tm,atmospheric weighted mean temperature）的函数,Tm与地面温度（Ts）高度相关,根据这一特性,利用9个探空站数据通过回归建模得到的Tm本地化模型可很好地拟合Tm,其模型均方差为2.8 K,对应的相对误差为1.0%。对地基GPS反演PW的方法进行改进后,求得的GPS PW的系统偏差明显减小,其中,采用改进的Hopfield模型和Tm本地化模型求得的GPS PW,与探空廓线计算的PW相比,其偏差为-1.6 mm,而与微波辐射计廓线计算的PW相比,其偏差为-1.2 mm。