缺血再灌注脑组织病理形态及脂质过氧化的动态观察

目的:探讨缺血再灌注脑组织病理形态及丙二醛含量变化的关系.方法:阻断双侧颈总动脉和椎动脉结合低血压法复制兔脑完全性缺血再灌注模型,观察心脉龙对脑组织病理形态变化及脂质过氧化的影响.结果:心脉龙能抑制膜脂质过氧化作用,且缺血再灌注脑组织丙二醛含量变化与其病理形态改变具有一致性.结论:动态观察血液丙二醛,可作为评价脑缺血性疾病治疗和预后的检测指标.     

百年乐与人参黄芪合剂对心血管系统的药理作用比较

百年乐和人参黄芪合剂对心血管系统的作用研究表明:百年乐能加速小鼠肠系膜微循环障碍的恢复,增加离体兔耳血管的流量,使主动脉平滑肌松弛,对抗心肌缺氧,抑制血栓形成,其作用强于人参黄芪合剂。     

Diterpenoids from the Roots of Agastache rugosa

从土藿香根中得到两个二萜化合物，藿香酚（２）及异藿香酚（３）。经光谱解析（ＩＲ，ＵＶ，ＨＲＭＳ及ＮＭＲ谱），确定它们的结构分别为１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ４，（１８），８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（２）和１１，１４ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ１２ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙ１９（４→３）ａｂｅｏａｂｉｅｔａ３，８，１１，１３ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ７ｏｎｅ（３）藿香酚（２）为一新的化合物，而异藿香酚（３）系首次从天然界分离得到，二者为一对异构体。     

银汞充填体悬突的去除及效果的临床观察

本文选择34颗有银汞充填体悬突的患牙,采用金刚砂钻和银汞磨光钻去除悬突,并观察去除悬突前后部分牙周组织的变化、结果表明银汞充填体悬突危害牙周组织的健康.去除悬突并协同口腔卫生宣教、可促进牙周组织的恢复.     

放射性肝纤维化过程的定量研究

经＾６０Ｃｏγ线照射大鼠肝区，通过光镜、电镜和图像分析仪、宣研究了照后１年肝脏的病理改变。结果表明，３０Ｇｙ组在照射后１年内逐渐发生了放射性肝纤维化病变。在肝纤维化发生过程中，肝细胞内糖原颗凿含量进行性减少，间质中胶原纤维含量进行性增加，网状纤维于照射１－３个月呈进行性增加。     

猕猴对不同极化方向微波辐射能量吸收的研究

为提供微波辐射安全标准必要的数据，研究了不同极化方向微波辐射能量对猕猴的影响。实验在医学微波无反射室中进行，分为电场，磁场和微波传输方向极化组，辐射频率１ＧＨｚ，用红外热图技术，对暴露在三种极化方向电磁场中猕猴面部各解剖特片部位及胸部在辐射前后进行温度变化的定量分析。     

Prevention of Bone Loss by Clodronate in Early Postmenopausal Women with Vertebral Osteopenia: A Dose-Finding Study

This double-masked, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of oral clodronate in the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women with vertebral osteopenia. Altogether 610 women with a mean age of 53 years were recruited for the study. They were 1–5 years postmenopausal and their lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was at least 1 standard deviation below the mean of premenopausal women (T-score ≤−1). The subjects were randomized into five study groups to receive either placebo, clodronate 65 mg, 400 mg or 800 mg daily, or intermittent clodronate in 3 month cycles with 400 mg daily for 15 days followed with no treatment for 75 days for 3 years. One hundred and eighty-seven of 509 women who completed the primary study continued in the extension study of 2 years in which previous placebo users were switched to clodronate 800 mg daily, while previous users of 400 mg or 800 mg of clodronate used either placebo or 800 mg of clodronate daily. In the primary study clodronate was administered in the evening, and in the extension 1 h before breakfast on an empty stomach. In the primary study mean changes in lumbar spine BMD were −3.4% in the placebo group and +0.4% in 800 mg clodronate group [difference between groups at 3 years 3.8% (95% CI 2.7% to 4.9%, p<0.0001)], and in the trochanter area BMD −1.1% in the placebo group, and + 0.4% in the 800 mg clodronate group [difference between groups at 3 years 1.5% (95% CI 0.05% to 2.9%)]. During the extension study mean changes in lumbar spine BMD were +1.5% in the clodronate group and −0.2 % in the placebo group [difference between groups 1.7% (CI 0.4% to 3.0%, p = 0.010)] and in trochanter BMD were +2.5% in the clodronate group and no change in the placebo group [difference between groups 2.1% (CI 0.3% to 3.9%, p = 0.007)]. No statistically significant differences between the placebo and 800 mg clodronate groups were found in the femoral neck BMD. In the primary study the urinary excretion of type I collagen aminoterminal telopeptide (NTX) decreased by 44% (p<0.0001 compared with placebo) and that of deoxypyridinoline by 18% (p<0.0001) in the clodronate 800 mg group. In the extension study urinary NTX decreased by 51% (p<0.0001) in those who were switched to 800 mg of clodronate and increased by 67% (p<0.0001) in those who stopped using that dose. There was no difference in the frequency of gastrointestinal complaints between clodronate- and placebo-treated patients in the primary study, but they were more common among women who received clodronate in the extension phase. Clodronate in daily doses of 400–800 mg caused a slight elevation of aminotransferase levels, usually within the reference range. In bone biopsies no defect in mineralization was found. In conclusion, clodronate in a daily dose of 800 mg prevents early postmenopausal bone loss at the sites of the skeleton in which cancellous bone predominates. It effectively reduces bone resorption and bone turnover rate. Antifracture efficacy of clodronate remains to be established by prospective, placebo-controlled trials. Received: 4 March 2002 / Accepted: 9 July 2002     

膨润土对药用混悬液助悬性能的考察

本文报道了无机胶体膨润土(Bentonite)作为助悬剂在炉甘石洗剂中的应用,并与有机助悬剂及另一种无机胶体XVT—M进行比较,显示了其优异的助悬性能。     

白血病病人骨髓抑制期实施防感染措施时机的研究

目的 :研究白血病病人在化疗期间 ,不同时间实施预防感染护理的效果。方法 :对照组在化学疗法结束后给予预防感染的护理措施 ,实验组在化学疗法开始前 3～ 7d实施预防性护理措施。观察两组病人感染发生率。结果 :感染发生率实验组明显低于观察组。结论 :在化学疗法开始前实施预防性护理措施有助于降低感染发生率     

Influence of Lung Aeration on Pulmonary Concentrations of Nebulized and Intravenous Amikacin in Ventilated Piglets with Severe Bronchopneumonia

Background: Pulmonary concentrations of aminoglycosides administered intravenously are usually low in the infected lung parenchyma. Nebulization represents an alternative to increase pulmonary concentrations, although the obstruction of bronchioles by purulent plugs may impair lung deposition by decreasing lung aeration.

Methods: An experimental bronchopneumonia was induced in anesthetized piglets by inoculating lower lobes with a suspension of 106 cfu/ml Escherichia coli. After 24 h of mechanical ventilation, 7 animals received two intravenous injections of 15 mg/kg amikacin, and 11 animals received two nebulizations of 40 mg/kg amikacin at 24-h intervals. One hour following the second administration, animals were killed, and multiple lung specimens were sampled for assessing amikacin pulmonary concentrations and quantifying lung aeration on histologic sections.

Results: Thirty-eight percent of the nebulized amikacin (15 mg/kg) reached the tracheobronchial tree. Amikacin pulmonary concentrations were always higher after nebulization than after intravenous administration, decreased with the extension of parenchymal infection, and were significantly influenced by lung aeration: 197 +/- 165 versus 6 +/- 5 [mu]g/g in lung segments with focal bronchopneumonia (P = 0.03), 40 +/- 62 versus 5 +/- 3 [mu]g/g in lung segments with confluent bronchopneumonia (P = 0.001), 18 +/- 7 versus 7 +/- 4 [mu]g/g in lung segments with lung aeration of 30% or less, and 65 +/- 9 versus 2 +/- 3 [mu]g/g in lung segments with lung aeration of 50% or more.