口服氯化汞对大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

目的口服氯化汞(HgCl2)造成大鼠的肾间质纤维化模型并探讨相关机制。方法用不同剂量HgCl2[(A组为5mg/(kg·bw)、B组为10mg/(kg·bw)、C组为20mg/(kg·bw)]给大鼠灌胃1周,观察大鼠一般状况、肾功能和肾组织病理变化,免疫组化法观察肾组织纤维连接蛋白(FN)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达。结果模型大鼠体重下降,肾体比增加,肾功能损害和肾组织Hyp含量呈剂量依赖性升高,肾间质炎性细胞浸润,肾间质胶原沉积增加,肾间质FN和α-SMA表达增强,以C组病变最重。结论20mg/(kg·bw)剂量HgCl2灌胃1周可造成大鼠的肾间质纤维化病变,其部分机制在于HgCl2促使肾间质肌成纤维细胞活化和细胞外基质的生成沉积。     

1995年苏州地区双胎妊娠结局分析

【目的】分析出生指标。评价双胎妊娠结局。【方法】采用1995年苏州地区围产保健监测资料，比较单、双胎孕周、出生体重、Apgar评分、新生儿死亡率及死亡原因。【结果】双胎妊娠中早产儿占35．0％；低出生体重儿占49．2％；1min和5min Apgar评分窒息者分别占13．9%和5．6％；各指标均显著高于单胎。双胎新生儿死亡率为45．9‰；早期新生儿死亡率42．8‰；新生儿主要死亡原因为早产。【结论】与单胎儿相比，双胎妊娠胎儿宫内发育时间、发育状况、产后适应能力等均明显偏差，新生儿死亡率显著偏高。应采用多种干预措施，改善双胎妊娠不良结局。     

Simultaneous measurement of human joint force, surface electromyograms, and functional MRI-measured brain activation

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly used in studying human brain function given its non-invasive feature and good spatial resolution. However, difficulties in acquiring data from peripheral (e.g. information from muscle) during fMRI studies of motor function hinder interpretation of fMRI data and designing more sophisticated investigations. Here we describe a system that was designed to concurrently measure handgrip force, surface electromyograms (EMG) of finger flexor and extensor muscles, and fMRI of human brain. The system included a pressure transducer built in a hydraulic environment, a heavily shielded EMG recording element, and a visual feedback structure for online monitoring of force and/or EMG signal, by the subject positioned in the scanner during an fMRI experiment. System evaluation and subsequent fMRI motor function studies have indicated that by using this system, high quality force and EMG signals can be recorded without sacrificing the quality of the fMRI data.     

季节变化对健康体检儿童血铅水平的影响

目的探讨季节变化对儿童血铅水平的影响。方法采用阳极溶出伏安法对健康查体儿童进行血铅检测,将入组儿童分婴幼儿组(1个月~3岁)、学龄前组(3~6岁)、学龄组(6~12岁)和青少年组(12~18岁),分析不同季节儿童血铅水平及铅中毒状况。结果共检测儿童13 233例。年龄1个月~18岁;男8315例,女4918例。平均血铅质量浓度60μg/L,第5和第95百分位数为19、138μg/L,儿童铅中毒检出率为14.8%,检出率随年龄增长而上升,以轻度铅中毒为主(χ2=116.3125 P<0.0001)。按照冬、春、秋、夏季顺序,血铅质量浓度分别为48、60、61、66μg/L;铅中毒检出率分别为9.5%、12.6%、15.5%、18.4%。夏、秋季节儿童铅质量浓度及铅中毒检出率有明显季节差异(χ2=128.0371 P<0.0001),多元Logistic回归结果分析显示男童、年龄越大越易发生铅中毒,秋、春、夏季发生铅中毒危险性较冬季大。结论儿童血铅水平与季节有关。北京地区秋季儿童铅中毒危险性最大。     

止痛如神汤治疗急性期环状混合痔作用机理的研究

混合痔急性发作期可采取多种有效的治疗方案,其中包括手术治疗.但是环状混合痔(CMH)发作时采取手术治疗则有一定困难,因为痔的环形水肿导致手术界限不清,易造成过度的手术损害,若能短期内迅速控制急性期症状,则为手术创造了好的条件,也更有利于手术治疗后的恢复.止痛如神汤出自《医宗金鉴》,疗效独特,其治疗CMH急性发作时的机制是极其复杂的,除了与以上的部分机制有关外,还可能与很多细胞因子或介质相关,如白介素-1、肿瘤坏死因子-α、组织胺水平等等[5],相关机制的研究有待进一步深入.     

The floating knee in the pediatric patient. Nonoperative versus operative stabilization

The results of nonoperative and operative or rigid stabilization of ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures in children and adolescents were evaluated. Twenty-nine consecutive patients with open physes (30 affected extremities) were reviewed. Their mean followup was 8.6 years (range, 1.1-18.6 years). The nonoperative group consisted of 16 patients and 16 extremities treated by skeletal traction of the femoral fracture, closed reduction and splinting or casting of the tibia fractures, and eventual immobilization in a hip spica cast. The operative group, was comprised of 13 patients and 14 extremities in which one or both fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, intramedullary fixation, or external fixation. Despite higher modified injury severity scores and skeletal injury scores, the patients who were treated operatively had a significantly reduced hospital stay, 20.1 days versus 34.9 days, respectively; decreased time to unsupported weightbearing, 16.8 weeks compared with 22.3 weeks, respectively; and fewer complications. Operative stabilization of the femur had a significant effect on decreasing the length of hospital stay and the time to unassisted weightbearing. The patients also were analyzed according to their age at the time of injury: 9 years of age or younger and 10 years of age and older. The younger children who were treated nonoperatively had an increased rate of lower extremity length discrepancy, angular malunion, and need for a secondary surgical procedure as compared with younger children who were treated operatively with rigid fixation. Based on the results of the current study, operative stabilization of at least the femur fracture and, preferably, both fractures in the treatment of a child with a floating knee is recommended, even for younger children.     

The protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-induced cell death and oxidative stress

AIM: To explore the protective effect of zeaxanthin on human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells against UV-radiation and excessive oxidative stress. METHODS: Human limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells were isolated from cadaver and cultured in vitro. They were challenged with UVB radiation and H2O2 with and without zeaxanthin pretreatment. Cell viability, p38 and c-JUN NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. RESULTS: Zeaxanthin had no measurable cytotoxicity on limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells when used at concentrations of 5 μg/mL and below. At 30 mJ/cm2 UVB, the pretreatment of zeaxanthin increased the percentage of live cells from 50% to 69% (P=0.01) and from 66% to 75% (P=0.05) for limbal and conjunctival epithelial cells, respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in the culture medium reduced to 66% (for IL-6 and MCP-1) and 56% (for IL-8) of the levels without zeaxanthin. This was accompanied by reduced p38 and JNK protein phosphorylation. Pretreatment of zeaxanthin also reduced intracellular MDA content caused by H2O2 stimulation from 0.86 μmol/L to 0.52 μmol/L (P=0.02) in limbal epithelial cells and from 0.96 μmol/L to 0.56 μmol/L in conjunctival epithelial cells (P=0.03). However, zeaxanthin did not have significant effect on H2O2-induced cell death in limbal or conjunctival epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: Zeaxanthin is an effective reagent in reducing the detrimental effect of UV-radiation and oxidative stress on ocular surface epithelial cells.     

Calpastatin participates in the regulation of cell migration in BAP1-deficient uveal melanoma cells

AIM: To detect how BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) regulates cell migration in uveal melanoma (UM) cells. METHODS: Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to detect UM cell migration abilities. Protein chip, immunoprecipitations and surface plasmon resonance analyses were applied to identify BAP1 protein partners. Western blot and calpain activity assays were used to test the expression and function of calpastatin (CAST). RESULTS: CAST protein was confirmed as a new BAP1 protein partner, and loss of BAP1 reduced the expression and function of CAST in UM cells. The overexpression of CAST rescued the cell migration phenotype caused by BAP1 loss. CONCLUSION: BAP1 interacts with CAST in UM cells, and CAST and its subsequent calpain pathway may mediate BAP1-related cell migration regulation.     

淡豆豉的发酵工艺沿革及过程控制概述

通过查阅古籍及现代文献，对淡豆豉的历史演变、古今发酵工艺对比和关键环节控制进行了系统的梳理，分析并总结了淡豆豉的品质影响因素及其控制方法，以期为淡豆豉质量控制研究提供参考依据。经分析后发现，在淡豆豉的发酵过程中，发酵菌种、杂菌、温度和湿度等均为影响其品质的重要因素，“后酵”过程的条件控制更是被历代本草重点关注。此外，古代认可的“香美之豉”是以霉菌为优势菌发酵而成，发酵霉菌的选育和使用应是解决淡豆豉品质问题的要点。因此，基于历代本草所载 “香”和“美”的评价指标深入研究和优化菌种、温度、湿度等工艺条件对提高淡豆豉的品质具有重要意义。