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991.
Hideki Mizuno Nobuyuki Matsuhashi Masahiro Sakaguchi Syuji Inoue Koji Nakada Kazuhide Higuchi Ken Haruma Takashi Joh 《Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition》2015,57(3):233-238
Proton pump inhibitors are the first-line treatment for reflux esophagitis. Because severe reflux esophagitis has very low prevalence in Japan, little is known about the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in these patients. This prospective multicenter study assessed the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors for severe reflux esophagitis in Japan. Patients with modified Los Angeles grade C or D reflux esophagitis were treated with daily omeprazole (10 or 20 mg), lansoprazole (15 or 30 mg), or rabeprazole (10, 20, or 40 mg) for 8 weeks. Healing was assessed endoscopically, with questionnaires administered before and after treatment to measure the extent of reflux and dyspepsia symptoms. Factors affecting healing rates, including patient characteristics and endoscopic findings, were analyzed. Of the 115 patients enrolled, 64 with grade C and 19 with grade D reflux esophagitis completed the study. The healing rate was 67.5% (56/83), with 15 of the other 27 patients (55.6%) improving to grade A or B. No patient characteristic or endoscopic comorbidity was significantly associated with healing rate. Reflux and dyspepsia symptoms improved significantly with treatment. The low healing rate suggests the need of endoscopic examination to assess healing of reflux esophagitis at the end of therapy. (UMIN000005271) 相似文献
992.
Hiroko P. Indo Hsiu-Chuan Yen Ikuo Nakanishi Ken-ichiro Matsumoto Masato Tamura Yumiko Nagano Hirofumi Matsui Oleg Gusev Richard Cornette Takashi Okuda Yukiko Minamiyama Hiroshi Ichikawa Shigeaki Suenaga Misato Oki Tsuyoshi Sato Toshihiko Ozawa Daret K. St. Clair Hideyuki J. Majima 《Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition》2015,56(1):1-7
Fridovich identified CuZnSOD in 1969 and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in 1973, and proposed ”the Superoxide Theory,” which postulates that superoxide (O2•−) is the origin of most reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that it undergoes a chain reaction in a cell, playing a central role in the ROS producing system. Increased oxidative stress on an organism causes damage to cells, the smallest constituent unit of an organism, which can lead to the onset of a variety of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurological diseases caused by abnormalities in biological defenses or increased intracellular reactive oxygen levels. Oxidative stress also plays a role in aging. Antioxidant systems, including non-enzyme low-molecular-weight antioxidants (such as, vitamins A, C and E, polyphenols, glutathione, and coenzyme Q10) and antioxidant enzymes, fight against oxidants in cells. Superoxide is considered to be a major factor in oxidant toxicity, and mitochondrial MnSOD enzymes constitute an essential defense against superoxide. Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide. The reaction of superoxide generated from mitochondria with nitric oxide is faster than SOD catalyzed reaction, and produces peroxynitrite. Thus, based on research conducted after Fridovich’s seminal studies, we now propose a modified superoxide theory; i.e., superoxide is the origin of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and, as such, causes various redox related diseases and aging. 相似文献
993.
Yasunobu Yamashita MD Jun Kato MD PhD Kazuki Ueda MD PhD Yasushi Nakamura MD PhD Hiroko Abe MD Takashi Tamura MD Masahiro Itonaga MD Takeichi Yoshida MD PhD Hiroki Maeda MD Kosaku Moribata MD PhD Toru Niwa MD PhD Takao Maekita MD PhD Mikitaka Iguchi MD PhD Hideyuki Tamai MD PhD Masao Ichinose MD PhD 《Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU》2015,43(2):89-97
994.
Surgery for synchronous colorectal cancers with double colonic anastomoses: A comparison of laparoscopic and open approaches 下载免费PDF全文
995.
Community‐Based Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment of Short‐ and Long‐Term Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Elderly Adults 下载免费PDF全文
996.
Takashi Hato Seth Winfree Rabih Kalakeche Shataakshi Dube Rakesh Kumar Momoko Yoshimoto Zoya Plotkin Pierre C. Dagher 《Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN》2015,26(6):1347-1362
Preconditioning is a preventative approach, whereby minimized insults generate protection against subsequent larger exposures to the same or even different insults. In immune cells, endotoxin preconditioning downregulates the inflammatory response and yet, preserves the ability to contain infections. However, the protective mechanisms of preconditioning at the tissue level in organs such as the kidney remain poorly understood. Here, we show that endotoxin preconditioning confers renal epithelial protection in various models of sepsis in vivo. We also tested the hypothesis that this protection results from direct interactions between the preconditioning dose of endotoxin and the renal tubules. This hypothesis is on the basis of our previous findings that endotoxin toxicity to nonpreconditioned renal tubules was direct and independent of immune cells. Notably, we found that tubular protection after preconditioning has an absolute requirement for CD14-expressing myeloid cells and particularly, macrophages. Additionally, an intact macrophage CD14-TRIF signaling pathway was essential for tubular protection. The preconditioned state was characterized by increased macrophage number and trafficking within the kidney as well as clustering of macrophages around S1 proximal tubules. These macrophages exhibited increased M2 polarization and upregulation of redox and iron-handling molecules. In renal tubules, preconditioning prevented peroxisomal damage and abolished oxidative stress and injury to S2 and S3 tubules. In summary, these data suggest that macrophages are essential mediators of endotoxin preconditioning and required for renal tissue protection. Preconditioning is, therefore, an attractive model to investigate novel protective pathways for the prevention and treatment of sepsis. 相似文献
997.
Masahiro Kageyama Takashi Sugiyama Hiroaki Kanehisa Akira Maeda 《Journal of Sports Science and Medicine》2015,14(2):246-255
The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences between adolescent and collegiate baseball pitchers in the kinematic and kinetic profiles of the trunk and lower limbs during the pitching motion. The subjects were thirty-two adolescent baseball pitchers aged 12-15 years (APG) and thirty collegiate baseball pitchers aged 18-22 years (CPG). Three-dimensional motion analysis with a comprehensive lower-extremity model was used to evaluate kinematic and kinetic parameters during baseball pitching. The ground reaction forces (GRFs) of the pivot and stride legs during pitching were determined using two multicomponent force plates. The joint torques of hip, knee, and ankle were calculated by the inverse-dynamics computation of musculoskeletal human models using motion-capture data. To eliminate any effect of variation in body size, kinetic and GRFs data were normalized by dividing them by body mass. The velocity of a pitched ball was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in CPG (35.2 ± 1.9 m·s-1) than in the APG (30.7 ± 2.7 m·s-1). Most kinematic parameters for the lower limbs were similar between the CPG and the APG. Maximum Fy (toward the throwing direction) on the pivot leg and Fy and resultant forces on the stride leg at ball release were significantly greater in the CPG than in the APG (p < 0.05). Hip and knee joint torques on the lower limbs were significantly greater in the CPG than in the APG (p < 0.05). The present study indicates that the kinematics of lower limbs during baseball pitching are similar between adolescent and collegiate pitchers, but the momentum of the lower limbs during pitching is lower in adolescent pitchers than in collegiate ones, even when the difference in body mass is considered.
Key points
- Collegiate baseball pitchers can generate the hip and knee joint torques on the pivot leg for accelerating the body forward.
- Collegiate baseball pitchers can generate the hip and knee joint torques to control/stabilize the stride leg in order to increase momentum on the stride leg during the arm acceleration phase.
- The kinematics of the lower limbs during baseball pitching are similar between adolescent and collegiate pitchers, but the momentum of the lower limbs during pitching is lower in adolescent pitchers than in collegiate ones, even when the difference in body mass is considered.
- Adolescent baseball pitchers cannot generate the hip and knee joint torques in the pivot and stride leg for transfer of the energy of trunk and the arm.
998.
999.
Yusuke Nakade Tadashi Toyama Kengo Furuichi Shinji Kitajima Yoshiyasu Miyajima Mihiro Fukamachi Akihiro Sagara Yasuyuki Shinozaki Akinori Hara Miho Shimizu Yasunori Iwata Hiroyasu Oe Mikio Nagahara Hiroshi Horita Yoshio Sakai Shuichi Kaneko Takashi Wada 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2015,19(5):909-917
1000.
Development and internal validation of a nomogram for predicting stone‐free status after flexible ureteroscopy for renal stones 下载免费PDF全文