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91.
Advances in understanding the biology of neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways have provided important insights into the normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of neurons. Stimulated by neuropathological observations and genetic discoveries, studies in cell and animal models of neurodegenerative disorders have begun to clarify pathogenetic mechanisms. We examine the intersection of these research themes and identify several potential mechanisms for linking failed neurotrophic factor signaling to neurodegeneration. Studies of nerve growth factor signaling in a mouse model of Down syndrome encourage the views that neuronal dysfunction and atrophy might be linked to failed neurotrophic support and that additional studies focused on this possibility would enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders and their treatment. 相似文献
92.
Despite the emphasis placed on physicians' lifelong learning, no psychometrically sound instrument has been developed to provide an operational measure of the concept and its components among physicians. The authors designed this study to develop a tool for measuring physician lifelong learning, to identify its underlying components and to assess its psychometric properties. A 37-item questionnaire was developed, based on a review of literature and the results of two pilot studies. Psychometric analyses of the responses of 160 physicians identified 19 items that were included in the Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning. Factor analysis of the 19 items showed five meaningful factors that were consistent with the definition and major features of lifelong learning. They were 'need recognition', 'research endeavor', 'self-initiation', 'technical skills' and 'personal motivation'. The method of contrasted groups provided evidence in support of the validity of the five factors. The factors' reliability was assessed by coefficient alpha. It is concluded that lifelong learning is a multifaceted concept, and its operational measure is feasible for evaluating different educational programs and for studying group differences among physicians. 相似文献
93.
Iraj Salehi Shabnam Khazaeli Parta Hatami Mahdi Malekpour 《Rheumatology international》2010,30(8):1137-1138
Chondromalacia of the patella is the most common cause of anterior knee pain in young women. The etiology of the disease is
not well-understood but the initial lesion is a disorganization of collagenous structures. Since the disease is proposed to
be due to generalized constitutional disturbance, we postulated that bony structures could also be involved. To investigate
this hypothesis we measured the bone density of 286 patients with the diagnosis of chondromalacia of the patella during a
4-year period using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. We found a significant number of patients having low bone
densities. This problem was more pronounced in men and in younger age groups. We suggest base-line bone density evaluation
in all patients, treatment of osteopenia or osteoporosis in select patients and regular follow-ups using DXA. 相似文献
94.
A. Gangemi P. Salehi B. Hatipoglu J. Martellotto B. Barbaro J. B. Kuechle M. Qi Y. Wang P. Pallan C. Owens J. Bui D. West B. Kaplan E. Benedetti J. Oberholzer 《American journal of transplantation》2008,8(6):1250-1261
This prospective phase 1/2 trial investigated the safety and reproducibility of allogeneic islet transplantation (Tx) in type I diabetic (T1DM) patients and tested a strategy to achieve insulin-independence with lower islet mass. Ten C-peptide negative T1DM subjects with hypoglycemic unawareness received 1–3 intraportal allogeneic islet Tx and were followed for 15 months. Four subjects (Group 1) received the Edmonton immunosuppression regimen (daclizumab, sirolimus, tacrolimus). Six subjects (Group 2) received the University of Illinois protocol (etanercept, exenatide and the Edmonton regimen). All subjects became insulin- independent. Group 1 received a mean total number of islets (EIN) of 1460 080 ± 418 330 in 2 (n = 2) or 3 (n = 2) Tx, whereas Group 2 became insulin- independent after 1 Tx (537 495 ± 190 968 EIN, p = 0.028). All Group 1 subjects remained insulin free through the follow-up. Two Group 2 subjects resumed insulin: one after immunosuppression reduction during an infectious complication, the other with exenatide intolerance. HbA1c reached normal range in both groups (6.5 ± 0.6 at baseline to 5.6 ± 0.5 after 2–3 Tx in Group 1 vs. 7.8 ± 1.1 to 5.8 ± 0.3 after 1 Tx in Group 2). HYPO scores markedly decreased in both groups. Combined treatment of etanercept and exenatide improves islet graft function and facilitates achievement of insulin-independence with less islets . 相似文献
95.
Eyal Leshem Mary Wikswo Leslie Barclay Eric Brandt William Storm Ellen Salehi Traci DeSalvo Tim Davis Amy Saupe Ginette Dobbins Hillary A. Booth Christianne Biggs Katie Garman Amy M. Woron Umesh D. Parashar Jan Vinjé Aron J. Hall 《Emerging infectious diseases》2013,19(8):1231-1238
During 2012, global detection of a new norovirus (NoV) strain, GII.4 Sydney, raised concerns about its potential effect in the United States. We analyzed data from NoV outbreaks in 5 states and emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness in 1 state during the 2012–13 season and compared the data with those of previous seasons. During August 2012–April 2013, a total of 637 NoV outbreaks were reported compared with 536 and 432 in 2011–2012 and 2010–2011 during the same period. The proportion of outbreaks attributed to GII.4 Sydney increased from 8% in September 2012 to 82% in March 2013. The increase in emergency department visits for gastrointestinal illness during the 2012–13 season was similar to that of previous seasons. GII.4 Sydney has become the predominant US NoV outbreak strain during the 2012–13 season, but its emergence did not cause outbreak activity to substantially increase from that of previous seasons. 相似文献
96.
97.
Background
Health staff in Afghanistan may be at high risk of needle stick injury and occupational infection with blood borne pathogens, but we have not found any published or unpublished data. 相似文献98.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is secreted by the choroids plexuses and has the potential to act as a signaling pathway for physiological control as it has been demonstrated to contain molecules such as interleukins, leukoterins, neuropeptides, growth transforming factor-beta (TGF-beta) and nerve growth factor (NGF), which are present at specific times during development. In this study, CSF from hydrocephalic and normal children were analysed using SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining. In order to obtain semi-quantitative estimates of the relative amounts of 26 kDa protein, an image analyzer was used to determine the intensities of the band in the respective lanes in silver-stained gels. Quantification of the silver-stained gels from repeated experiments showed that the amount of 26 kDa protein was clearly increases in the hydrocephalic CSF when compared with the normal CSF. A Western blot analysis using anti-NGF antibody as a probe confirmed the presence of NGF. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), it was shown that the level of NGF in the hydrocephalic CSF is higher than in normal CSF. It is concluded that NGF is not only a constant component of human CSF but could also be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus. 相似文献
99.
Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai Mohsen Naghavi Mohammadreza Shokouhi Lucie Laflamme 《BMC public health》2008,8(1):269