全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2268篇 |
免费 | 84篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
学科分类
医药卫生 | 2365篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 78篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 40篇 |
2018年 | 54篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 38篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 54篇 |
2013年 | 68篇 |
2012年 | 147篇 |
2011年 | 176篇 |
2010年 | 77篇 |
2009年 | 72篇 |
2008年 | 135篇 |
2007年 | 172篇 |
2006年 | 132篇 |
2005年 | 141篇 |
2004年 | 130篇 |
2003年 | 121篇 |
2002年 | 98篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 22篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2365条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Kazumasa Fujitani Jaffer A. Ajani Christopher H. Crane Barry W. Feig Peter W. Pisters Nora Janjan Garrett L. Walsh Stephen G. Swisher Ara A. Vaporciyan David Rice Angela Welch Jackie Baker Josephine Faust Paul F. Mansfield MD 《Annals of surgical oncology》2007,14(4):1305-1311
Background Significant tumor downstaging has been achieved in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma by induction
chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CTX–CTXRT). However, the influence of CTX–CTXRT on operative morbidity and
mortality has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to document the frequency and nature of morbidity and
mortality after surgery combined with CTX–CTXRT, and identify factors predictive of postoperative complications in patients
with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Methods A prospectively collected database on 71 consecutive patients who underwent CTX–CTXRT at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between
January 1997 and August 2004 was reviewed. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were investigated, and risk factors for overall
complications were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 38.0% (27 patients) and 2.8% (2 patients), respectively. Age greater than 60 years
[relative risk 11.3 (95% confidence interval 2.50–50.6)] and body mass index (BMI) of 26 kg/m2 or above [relative risk 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.08–15.4)] were significant risk factors for overall complications.
Conclusions CTX–CTXRT can be performed safely with an acceptable operative morbidity and a low operative mortality rate in patients with
gastric or gastroesophageal cancer, with careful consideration of added risk associated with age and obesity. 相似文献
12.
Kazumasa Shindo MD Shin-ichi Tsunoda MD Zenji Shiozawa MD 《Clinical autonomic research》1994,4(6):299-302
Microneurography was performed in a 39-year-old woman with demyelination of the pontine white matter associated with muscle spasms in the lower extremities. Single bursts on the microneurogram were observed immediately after cessation of the spasm with no systemic changes in the blood pressure or heart rate. Voluntary tonic flexion of the lower extremities induced similar bursts with small amplitudes. These reflex bursts possessed a characteristic of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, because the latency between the peak of each burst and the prior R-wave on the electrocardiograph was constant. The occurrence of these bursts suggests that a segmental compensatory mechanism in the spinal cord may stabilize the muscle blood flow influenced by muscle contraction. 相似文献
13.
14.
Suzuki Hisamitsu; Ota Kazuo; Ohno Ryuzo; Masaoka Toru; Shibata Hirotoshi; Kimura Ikuro; Amaki Ichita; Miura Yasusada; Uzuka Yoshiro; Kawato Masafumi; Shirakawa Shigeru; Hirota Yutaka; Maekawa Tadashi; lmai Kuniyuki; Takaku Fumimaro; Shimoyama Masanori; Kitahara Takeshi; Oguro Masao; Kozuru Mitsuo; Kawagoe Hiroya; Nakamura Toru; Yamada Kazumasa 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1989,19(4):338-347
Patients with acute (2,569) and chronic (957) leukemia diagnosedat 19 institutes took part in the study on the "MultidisciplinaryTreatment of Leukemia" between 1971 and 1985 and were investigatedretrospectively. By dividing the 15 years into three five-yearperiods, we were able to compare patient ratios in the differentperiods. The proportions of acute to chronic leukemia casesshowed no obvious change; however, the proportions of casesdiagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia in acute leukemia showeda significant increase. The main chemotherapeutic drugs usedduring the three time periods were cytarabine or its analogues,the anthracyclines, 6-mercaputopurine and prednisolone, againstacute myelogenous leukemia, and the vinca alkaloids, prednisoloneand the anthracyclines against acute lymphocytic leukemia. Therate of complete remission from acute myelogenous leukemia mademarked progress, from 45.1% during 19711975 to 62.3%during 19811985, but that of acute lymphocytic leukemiashowed no significant progress, being 65% during 19711975and 69.7% during 19811985. The durations of remission,however, and the survival times for patients with acute lymphocyticleukemia, as well as for those with acute myelogenous leukemia,became significantly longer over the three periods. Median survivaltimes from chronic myelocytic leukemia were 3740 mo inall three periods, showing no progress. There was a better prognosisin cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia with, than without,Philadelphia chromosome. Except for a low incidence of chroniclymphocytic leukemia in Japan, adult leukemia patients' characteristicsand prognoses seem to be almost the same in Japan as in theU.S.A. and Europe. 相似文献
15.
Fukushima M Morita M Ikeda K Nagayama S 《International journal of molecular medicine》2003,12(6):839-844
Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) has been suggested to be sensitivity-limiting factors of 5-fluorouracil therapy in cancer patients. We conducted a large-scale population study on the activity of TS and DPD in patients with various solid tumors. A total of 2590 clinically removed tumors, consisting of 1112 colon, 724 gastric, 520 breast, and 236 non-small cell lung cancers, were provided to measure TS and DPD activity. TS activity in the gastric, colon, and non-small cell lung cancers was significantly higher than in matched non-cancerous tissue (P<0.0002), but there was no difference in TS expression between tumor and non-cancerous tissue from breast cancer patients. Gastric, breast, and non-small cell lung cancers showed significantly higher DPD activity than their corresponding non-cancerous tissues, but colon cancers did not. There was no correlation between TS activity and DPD activity, and thus each enzyme was considered to be an independent sensitivity-limiting factor for 5-fluorouracil therapy. The median TS activity and median DPD activity in all specimens including gastric, colorectal, breast, and non-small cell lung cancers tested were 0.041 and 110.1 pmol/mg protein, respectively. We classified each of the type of carcinoma into 4 groups by using the median activity of TS and DPD as the cutoff values: a low TS/low DPD group, high TS/low DPD group, low TS/high DPD group, and high TS/high DPD group. About 50% of the gastric, 47% of the colon, 70% of the breast and 30% of the non-small cell lung cancers had high TS activity, and 60% of the gastric, 40% of the colon, 48% of the breast, and 87% of the lung cancers had high DPD activity. Moreover, breast cancer was characterized by high TS activity and lung cancer by high DPD activity as compared with gastric and colon cancers, and their high activity levels may influence to the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil against cancers of these organs. The results for expression of TS and DPD in clinically dissected tumors would be useful to estimate the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of cancer patients. 相似文献
16.
Nobuyuki Tanaka Kazumasa Sugihara Tetsuyo Odajima Masafumi Mimura Yutaka Kimijima Shizuko Ichinose 《Medical Electron Microscopy》2002,35(3):127-138
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral malignancy, and we performed electron microscopic and immunohistochemical investigation of the tumor. In patients with cervical metastasis, microvilli were developed and a small number of desmosomes were found, regardless of the width of the intercellular spaces. In patients without the metastasis, few microvilli were found in relatively wide intercellular spaces, or numerous microvilli were found in narrow intercellular spaces, and a large number of desmosomes were shown. However, these findings were different from those of tumors that had received radiotherapy, in which numerous microvilli and a small number of desmosomes were found in the nonmetastatic cases. Transferrin receptor, which is a marker of cell proliferation, was localized on the cell membrane, especially in microvilli. Ultrastructural similarity between the primary tumor and the metastatic tumor was recognized, however, the features of microvilli, desmosomes, and the intercellular spaces differed between them in most cases. It is suggested that microvilli might be related to the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Immunohistochemically, the protein expression of p53 and pRb2/p130 was related to the clinical course of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma; the mechanism of the synthesis of these proteins should be investigated in order to understand the biological behavior of the tumor. 相似文献
17.
Diverse functions of the p75 neurotrophin receptor 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Yamashita T Fujitani M Hata K Mimura F Yamagishi S 《Anatomical science international / Japanese Association of Anatomists》2005,80(1):37-41
The pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR belongs to a large family of receptors, which includes tumor necrosis factor receptors, Fas and approximately 25 other members. The p75NTR is the first receptor to be cloned molecularly. Recent years have seen the emergence of a consensus regarding the signaling pathways activated by p75NTR and its potential biological function, although receptor characterization had not been targeted for some years. We now know that p75NTR has surprisingly diverse effects, ranging from cell death to regulation of axon elongation. This diversity can be explained by the complex formation of p75NTR with other receptors and multiple signaling molecules that interact with the intracellular domain of p75NTR. 相似文献
18.
Ryoichi Sakamoto Tetsuya Nitta Yoshiaki Kamikawa Kazumasa Sugihara Kazuhisa Hasui Shinichiro Tsuyama Fusayoshi Murata 《Medical Electron Microscopy》2004,37(1):52-61
The aim of this study was to investigate cell kinetics and ultrastructural changes during carcinogenesis using a hamster 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced tongue cancer model. Five squamous cell carcinomas, five dysplastic epithelia, seven hyperplastic epithelia, and four normal epithelia were obtained from 21 hamster tongues by applying 1.0% acetone solution of DMBA on the left lingual mucosa after scratching with a root canal broach. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the number of microvilli increased, whereas that of desmosomes decreased during carcinogenesis. Cell proliferation was analyzed by means of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) for histone H3 mRNA. The BrdU and histone H3 mRNA labeling indices (LIs) were lowest for normal epithelium, higher for hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelia, and highest for squamous cell carcinoma. Cytoplasmic histone H3 mRNA and nuclear BrdU were localized in virtually identical areas of serial sections. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between these two LIs was 0.97 (P 0.001). These results suggest that the assessment of cell proliferation using H3 mRNA ISH will be a useful technique for investigating biological behavior during carcinogenesis. 相似文献
19.
Masahito Katoh Yasushi Itoh Kazumasa Ogasawara Kiichi Kajino Hiroki Nishihori Akio Takahashi Naoto Matsuki Kazuya Iwabuchi Takato O. Yoshida Robert A. Good Kazunori Ono 《European journal of immunology》1996,26(5):976-980
In a previous study, we identified T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contact sites on the pigeon cytochrome c p43-58 peptide. Positions 46 and 54 of p43-58 were shown to be the MHC-binding sites. Specific amino acids were identified on the MHC-binding sites which bound to the relevant I-A molecule. In the present study, using NOD (I-Ag7) mice, we established a T cell hybridoma, NOE33-1-2, specific for a p43-58 analog 46R50E54A with arginine (R) and alanine (A) at positions 46 and 54, respectively. Interestingly, NOE 33-1-2 recognized 46R50E54A in the presence of not only I-Ag7, but also I-Ad, s, u and v. In contrast to previous reports that promiscuous T cells were able to recognize peptide antigens with various HLA-DR or I-E molecules consist of monomorphic α and polymorphic β chains, the promiscuous T cell clone NOE33-1-2 recognized peptides with various I-A molecules lacking the monomorphic chain. 相似文献
20.
Kiyoji Kimura Ryuzo Ohno Ichita Amaki Kenichi Hattori Yutaka Hirota Akira Hoshino Michito Ichimaru Munemoto Ito Ikuo Kimura Tadashi Maekawa Toru Masaoka Toru Nakamura Makoto Ogawa Masao Oguro Kazuo Ohta Shigeyuki Osamura Masanori Shimoyama Fumimaro Takaku Yoshiro Uzuka Kazumasa Yamada 《Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)》1986,3(1):15-24
A phase I study ofN 4-behenoyl-1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BHAC) was conducted in 66 patients, 41 with solid tumors and 25 with hematological malignancies. The patients received either a 2-h single intravenous (i.v.) drip infusion (Schedule 1) or consecutive daily 2-h i.v. infusions (Schedule 2). In Schedule 1 the daily dose was initiated with 1.5 mg kg?1 which was escalated up to 7 mg kg?1. Side-effects were mild, and included nausea, vomiting, epilation, and hot flushes. Because of the presence of the solvent vehicle, HCO-60 and in consideration of the mechanism of action of BHAC, the dose escalation was stopped at 7 mg kg?1. In Schedule 2, the daily dose was started with 1.5 mg kg?1 which was escalated up to 8 mg kg?1 and given for 2–16 days. Myelosuppression was found to be dose-limiting toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with non-hematological solid tumors was assumed to be 5 mg kg?1 daily × 5 days. The plasma disappearance curve of BHAC looked biphasic, and when 4 mg kg?1 of BHAC were administered the half-lives of the initial phase (t 1/2α) and the second phase (t 1/2β) were calculated as 0.798 and 5.76 h respectively. In Schedule 2 complete remission was observed in 5 out of 21 patients with acute leukemia, one partial remission in Hodgkin’s disease, and one 1-B response (Karnofsky) in thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma. 相似文献