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101.
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Kempen Thomas G. H. Hedström Mariann Olsson Hanna Johansson Amanda Ottosson Sara Al-Sammak Yousif Gillespie Ulrika 《International journal of clinical pharmacy》2019,41(1):198-206
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy - Background Medication-related hospital admissions (MRAs) are frequently used to measure outcomes in studies involving medication reviews. The process of... 相似文献
103.
René Kallies Anne Kopp Florian Zirkel Alejandro Estrada Thomas R. Gillespie Christian Drosten Sandra Junglen 《Viruses》2014,6(11):4346-4357
Pools of mosquitoes collected in Côte d’Ivoire and Mexico were tested for cytopathic effects on the mosquito cell line C6/36. Seven pools induced strong cytopathic effects after one to five days post infection and were further investigated by deep sequencing. The genomes of six virus isolates from Côte d’Ivoire showed pairwise nucleotide identities of ~99% among each other and of 56%–60% to Dezidougou virus and Wallerfield virus, two insect-specific viruses belonging to the proposed new taxon Negevirus. The novel virus was tentatively named Goutanap virus. The isolate derived from the Mexican mosquitoes showed 95% pairwise identity to Piura virus and was suggested to be a strain of Piura virus, named C6.7-MX-2008. Phylogenetic inferences based on a concatenated alignment of the methyltransferase, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains showed that the new taxon Negevirus formed two monophyletic clades, named Nelorpivirus and Sandewavirus after the viruses grouping in these clades. Branch lengths separating these clades were equivalent to those of the related genera Cilevirus, Higrevirus and Blunervirus, as well as to those within the family Virgaviridae. Genetic distances and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Nelorpivirus and Sandewavirus might form taxonomic groups on genus level that may define alone or together with Cilevirus, Higrevirus and Blunervirus a viral family. 相似文献
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Phillips PP Gillespie SH Boeree M Heinrich N Aarnoutse R McHugh T Pletschette M Lienhardt C Hafner R Mgone C Zumla A Nunn AJ Hoelscher M 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2012,205(Z2):S250-S257
A growing number of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis are in clinical development. Confirmatory phase 3 trials are expensive and time-consuming and the question of whether one particular drug combination can be used to treat tuberculosis is less important from a public health perspective than the question of which are the shortest, simplest, most effective, and safest regimens. While preclinical and phase 1 studies provide some guidance in the selection of combinations for clinical evaluation, a large number of combinations will require phase 2 testing to ensure that only the best regimens advance to phase 3. The multi-arm multi-stage trial design is an example of a treatment selection-adaptive design where multiple experimental arms are each simultaneously compared with a common control and interim analyses allow for poor performing arms to be dropped early. Such designs, if designed and implemented correctly, require fewer patients, can be completed in a shorter time frame, and answer more relevant questions without any loss in statistical validity or scientific integrity. There are, however, practical issues that must be considered in applying this in tuberculosis treatment trials. More innovative trials designs should be considered to speed drug and regimen development for the treatment of tuberculosis. 相似文献
107.
Strassmann BI Kurapati NT Hug BF Burke EE Gillespie BW Karafet TM Hammer MF 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(25):9781-9785
The sacred texts of five world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism) use similar belief systems to set limits on sexual behavior. We propose that this similarity is a shared cultural solution to a biological problem: namely male uncertainty over the paternity of offspring. Furthermore, we propose the hypothesis that religious practices that more strongly regulate female sexuality should be more successful at promoting paternity certainty. Using genetic data on 1,706 father-son pairs, we tested this hypothesis in a traditional African population in which multiple religions (Islam, Christianity, and indigenous) coexist in the same families and villages. We show that the indigenous religion enables males to achieve a significantly (P = 0.019) lower probability of cuckoldry (1.3% versus 2.9%) by enforcing the honest signaling of menstruation, but that all three religions share tenets aimed at the avoidance of extrapair copulation. Our findings provide evidence for high paternity certainty in a traditional African population, and they shed light on the reproductive agendas that underlie religious patriarchy. 相似文献
108.
Zhan B Santiago H Keegan B Gillespie P Xue J Bethony J de Oliveira LM Jiang D Diemert D Xiao SH Jones K Feng X Hotez PJ Bottazzi ME 《Parasite immunology》2012,34(8-9):404-411
Na-ASP-2 is a major protein secreted by infective third-stage larvae (L3) of the human hookworm Necator americanus upon host entry. It was chosen as a lead vaccine candidate for its ability to elicit protective immune responses. However, clinical development of this antigen as a recombinant vaccine was halted because it caused allergic reactions among some of human volunteers previously infected with N.?americanus. To prevent IgE-mediated allergic reactions induced by Na-ASP-2 but keep its immunogenicity as a vaccine antigen, we designed and tested a genetically engineered fusion protein, Fcγ/Na-ASP-2, composed of full-length Na-ASP-2 and truncated human IgG Fcγ1 that targets the negative signalling receptor FcγRIIb expressed on pro-allergic cells. The chimeric recombinant Fcγ/Na-ASP-2 protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris and shared the similar antigenicity as native Na-ASP-2. Compared to Na-ASP-2, the chimeric fusion protein efficiently reduced the release of histamine in human basophils sensitized with anti-Na-ASP-2 IgE obtained from individuals living in a hookworm-endemic area. In dogs infected with canine hookworm, Fcγ/Na-ASP-2 resulted in significantly reduced immediate-type skin reactivity when injected intradermally compared with Na-ASP-2. Hamsters vaccinated with Fcγ/Na-ASP-2 formulated with Alhydrogel(?) produced specific IgG that recognized Na-ASP-2 and elicited similar protection level against N.?americanus L3 challenge as native Na-ASP-2. 相似文献
109.
Heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Roger VL Go AS Lloyd-Jones DM Benjamin EJ Berry JD Borden WB Bravata DM Dai S Ford ES Fox CS Fullerton HJ Gillespie C Hailpern SM Heit JA Howard VJ Kissela BM Kittner SJ Lackland DT Lichtman JH Lisabeth LD Makuc DM Marcus GM Marelli A Matchar DB Moy CS Mozaffarian D Mussolino ME Nichol G Paynter NP Soliman EZ Sorlie PD Sotoodehnia N Turan TN Virani SS Wong ND Woo D Turner MB;American Heart Association Statistics Committee Stroke Statistics Subcommittee 《Circulation》2012,125(1):e2-e220
110.
Environmental surfaces are likely to contribute to the transmission of health care-associated pathogens. The present study aimed to determine the most effective regimen or product for removing bioburden. An adenosine triphosphate assessment technique was used to compare cleaning methods and products for removing bioburden from soiled surfaces. Of the regimens or products tested, 2-step cleaning most thoroughly removed bioburden. The 2-in-1 products were no more effective in removing bioburden than a 1-step clean using a neutral detergent. 相似文献