脊髓型颈椎病的MRI研究进展

脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)是脊髓功能障碍最常见的原因,通常由颈椎骨关节炎导致的脊髓压缩和脊髓内的一些生物损伤引起。磁共振成像中T2WI信号最常用于反映神经功能障碍;磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)和磁共振波谱(MRS)能反映病变微观结构及生物化学改变,并具有预测神经功能及应对干预的潜能;而磁共振功能成像(BOLD-fMRI)则可以帮助评估脊髓型颈椎病患者外科减压术后神经功能的恢复情况。     

纳晶微针的促渗透作用及安全性实验研究

目的探讨纳晶针作用于皮肤后,可在皮肤表面形成开放给药通道,从而促进外用药物经皮渗透和吸收的价值及安全性。方法 (1)扫描电镜观察纳晶针作用后在皮肤表面形成针孔的存在和闭合;(2)以0.125%荧光素钠为模型药物,在荧光显微镜下对比观察纳晶针+荧光素钠和单纯外用荧光素钠后,荧光在大鼠皮肤的分布情况。结果 (1)纳晶针可在皮肤表层形成给药通道,该通道在20 min左右即可闭合;(2)经过纳晶针处理过的大鼠皮肤可见耀眼的荧光(+++);而未经纳晶针处理的大鼠皮肤仅在角质层可见明确的线状荧光(+),其他部位可见微弱荧光(-)。结论纳晶针对外用药物有明显的促进渗透作用,且安全简便。     

18F-氟化钠P ET/CT诊断肿瘤骨转移应用进展

18F-氟化钠（18F-NaF）作为骨扫描示踪剂已有50多年的历史,期间由于正电子探测器的缺乏等因素被99Tcm-MDP替代。随着PET/CT的发展,将18F-NaF作为PET/CT示踪剂的研究逐渐增多。18F-NaF本身的药物特性以及PET/CT相对于SPECT/CT的优势,使得18F-NaF PET/CT诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移的灵敏度、特异度优于99Tcm-MDP骨扫描。与99Tcm-MDP骨显像、18F-FDG PET/CT和MRI相比,18F-NaF PET/CT在诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移时具有更高的灵敏度,并且对于不同肿瘤的骨转移有不同的诊断价值。18F-NaF联合18F-FDG PET/CT扫描被证明具有一定的应用价值。18F-NaF PET/CT是诊断恶性肿瘤骨转移的安全、有效、简便、无创的方法。     

全肘关节置换术的临床应用及疗效分析

 目的 探讨全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折和肘部类风湿关节炎的临床疗效。方法 自2006年4月至2012年6月,应用半限制型全肘关节置换术治疗老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折9例、肘部类风湿关节炎4例。男3例,女10例;50岁1例,大于60岁12例。肱骨远端骨折AO分型C2型3例、C3型6例。其中8例一期行全肘关节置换,1例开放性骨折（Gustilo-AndersonⅠ型）二期行全肘关节置换。4例肘部类风湿关节炎患者平均病程7.8年,Mayo分期Ⅲ期1例、Ⅳ期2例、Ⅴ期1例。全部采用铰链式-半限制型假体,以骨水泥固定。结果 手术时间120~180 min,平均150 min;出血量250~550 ml,平均400 ml;住院时间16~55 d,平均30.2 d。全部病例获得随访,随访时间15~82个月,平均 39.5个月。12例切口一期愈合,1例类风湿关节炎患者发生急性切口感染。切口感染病例病原学检查为阴沟杆菌,经二期手术清理、置管冲洗引流4周,应用敏感抗生素治疗后痊愈。该例术中截骨时发生肱骨外髁骨折,给予克氏针张力带固定,术后4个月骨性愈合。随访期间全部病例均未发生假体松动、脱位等并发症。X线片示假体位置良好,7例骨水泥界面出现透光区。Mayo肘关节功能评分优3例、良8例、可2例,优良率84.6%（11/13）。结论 全肘关节置换治疗肘部类风湿关节炎和老年肱骨远端粉碎性骨折有效,但必须严格掌握手术适应证和遵循手术操作技巧,治疗肘部类风湿关节炎时术中及术后并发症发生率较高。     

Sleeve bridging of the rhesus monkey ulnar nerve with muscular branches of the pronator teres: multiple amplification of axonal regeneration

Multiple-bud regeneration, i.e., multiple amplification, has been shown to exist in peripheral nerve regeneration. Multiple buds grow towards the distal nerve stump during proximal nerve fiber regeneration. Our previous studies have verified the limit and validity of multiple amplification of peripheral nerve regeneration using small gap sleeve bridging of small donor nerves to repair large receptor nerves in rodents. The present study sought to observe multiple amplification of myelinated nerve fiber regeneration in the primate peripheral nerve. Rhesus monkey models of distal ulnar nerve defects were established and repaired using muscular branches of the right forearm pronator teres. Proximal muscular branches of the pronator teres were sutured into the distal ulnar nerve using the small gap sleeve bridging method. At 6 months after suture, two-finger flexion and mild wrist flexion were restored in the ulnar-sided injured limbs of rhesus monkey. Neurophysiological examination showed that motor nerve conduction velocity reached 22.63 ± 6.34 m/s on the affected side of rhesus monkey. Osmium tetroxide staining demonstrated that the number of myelinated nerve fibers was 1,657 ± 652 in the branches of pronator teres of donor, and 2,661 ± 843 in the repaired ulnar nerve. The rate of multiple amplification of regenerating myelinated nerve fibers was 1.61. These data showed that when muscular branches of the pronator teres were used to repair ulnar nerve in primates, effective regeneration was observed in regenerating nerve fibers, and functions of the injured ulnar nerve were restored to a certain extent. Moreover, multiple amplification was subsequently detected in ulnar nerve axons.