天然药物中硒的正交设计石墨炉原子吸收测定

目的:建立天然药物中硒的含量测定方法。方法:应用正交设计法优化石墨炉原子吸收光谱硒的分析条件,特别是混合基体改进剂和石墨炉工作参数的选择。结果:线性范围为5～100ng/ml,相关系数r=0.9994,相对标准偏差RSD<10％,用国家标准物质检验本方法,准确度和精密度良好。结论:本方法适合天然药物中硒的测定     

A preliminary study of the changes in the direct-acting mutagenicities of several nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after exposure under sunlight

Five commercially available nitropolyclyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH), namely, 4-nitrobiphenyl, 2-nitrofluorene, 9-nitroanthracene, 1-nitropyrene, and 2,7-dinitrofluorene, were exposed under restricted sunlight in the open air. The direct-acting mutagenicities of the samples after an exposure of 45 days were measured in order to compare them with those of the original samples in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium bioassay. It was found that the mutagenicities of some nitro-PAH do not change significantly while the mutagenicities of others increase or decrease after exposure. A preliminary study of nitro-PAH reaction products after exposure using GC, GC/MS, and FT-IR is also reported.     

我院耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性及肠毒素分析

收集了我院１９９４年１０月至１９９５年４月金黄色葡萄球菌１００株，应用药敏试验筛选ＭＲＳＡ，并检测其对１２种抗生素的耐药性，计算ＭＩＣ５０和ＭＩＣ９０，应用乳胶凝集试验法，测定其肠毒素产生率。结果我院总的ＭＲＳＡ阳性率为６０％，烧伤科的ＭＲＳＡ的阳性率为６７．４％，内科６２．５％，骨科４４．５％，ＭＲＳＡ耐药性低于５０％的有万古霉素（３．３％）去甲万古霉素（５％），丁胺卡那霉素（２１．５％）３种，     

Root avulsion of brachial plexus in infants and children.

Twenty-one patients, under 6 years of age, with root avulsion of the brachial plexus were treated from 1975 to 1987. Among them, 9 had root avulsion of the upper trunk, 2 root avulsion of the lower trunk with middle trunk broken, and 10 root avulsion of the whole brachial plexus. Follow-up of 16 patients showed excellent results in 2 patients, good in 11, fair in 1 and poor in 2. It is suggested that good results can be obtained if multi-paired nerve transfer is adopted in treatment. We conclude that owing to anatomical and physiological characteristics of the respiratory system in children, it is harmful to perform phrenic nerve transfer concomitantly with intercostal nerve transfer. Advisably, two-stage operation is required, otherwise dyspnea and pneumonia are liable to occur. In addition, the time of the operation could be extended to 4-5 years after injury in children, but best results are obtained if the operation is performed within 1 year.

     

The interaction of cocaine and alcohol on schedule-controlled responding

 Within a number of physiological preparations, the effects of alcohol and cocaine in combination are reported to be greater than the effects of either drug given alone. Little has been reported, however, on the behavioral effects of the interaction. The present study investigated this issue by assessing the effects of cocaine and alcohol (alone and in combination) on schedule-controlled responding. Specifically, rats were trained to respond on an FR20 schedule for a water reinforcer. They were then administered cumulative doses of cocaine or alcohol. Following this, subjects were administered ineffective doses of alcohol prior to further dose-response assessments with cocaine and with ineffective doses of cocaine prior to further dose-response assessments with alcohol. Cocaine and alcohol alone produced dose-related decreases in responding. Furthermore, the dose-response function for cocaine was shifted to the left by alcohol and the dose-response function for alcohol was shifted to the left by cocaine. An isobolographic analysis revealed that the interaction between cocaine and alcohol was additive in nature. The possible bases for the interaction (e.g., changes in cocaine pharmacokinetics by alcohol and the formation of cocaethylene following co-administration of cocaine and alcohol) were discussed. Received: 22 February 1996 / Final version: 23 August 1996     

依那普利对离体豚鼠乳头状肌的电生理作用

目的：研究依那普利（Ｅｎａ）对豚鼠乳头状肌电生理特性，哇巴因诱发的延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ）和触发电活动（ＴＡ）的直接作用方法与结果，采用标准玻璃微电极技术记录豚鼠乳头状肌动作电位，Ｅｎａ呈浓度依赖性增加静息膜电位（ＲＰ）和动作电位幅度（ＡＰＡ），而对０期最大除极，超射，和动作电位时程无明显影响Ｅｎａ１０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１则可明显抑制哇巴因０．５μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１则可明显抑制哇巴因０．５μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－     

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: considerations for clinical trials

There is little agreement about the methodology of clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in patients with negative symptoms. A literature review revealed wide variation in experimental design, rating scales and study duration. This reflects differing views as to the definition and response to treatment of negative symptoms. Some degree of standardization would improve comparability of studies and aid the development of new compounds. Patients included in such studies should have displayed negative symptoms for at least 6 months. Depressive symptoms, positive schizophrenic symptoms and extrapyramidal signs may all influence or be confused with negative symptoms and may respond to treatment; they should be at a low level at baseline and should be measured during the study period. Studies should last at least 8 weeks. Several scales are available for measuring negative symptoms and are reviewed; a global impression score should be used additionally.