一起胃肠炎疫情的实验室检测

目的 为判断一起胃肠炎疫情的病因提供实验室依据.方法 对发生胃肠炎学生的肛拭子、食堂食品、宿舍和食堂饮用水、食堂环节拭子和二次供水泵房涂抹拭子等进行诺如病毒、轮状病毒和致病菌检测.采用Real-time PCR方法和全自动细菌鉴定仪鉴定.结果 22份肛拭子中,诺如病毒阳性5份,轮状病毒阴性;其他标本诺如病毒和轮状...     

不同镇痛方式对下肢骨折手术患者应激反应及焦虑状况的影响

Objective To observe the effect of different analgesic methods including patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on stress response and anxiety in surgical patients with lower limb fracture. Methods A total of 120 surgical patients with lower limb fractures were employed and divided randomly into Groups PCEA, PCIA and C (40per group). All patients were anaesthetized by using combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. After operation, PCEA and PCIA were applied in the patients of Groups PCEA and PCIA, respectively. No analgesic method was employed in the Group C. The dynamic indices including mean blood press (MAP) and heart rate (HR), blood serum cortisol (COR) and blood sugar (BS) were measured at different time points,ie, T0 ( pre-anesthesia), T1 ( the end of the operation), T2 (24 hours after operation) and T3 (48 hours after operation). The visual analogue pain score was conducted at time points of T1, T2 and T3. The measurement of anxiety score was done at pre-operation and at days 1 and 7 after operation. Results There were no significant changes in HR and MAP of Groups PCEA and PCIA (P＞0.05, compared with T0) at every time point after operation. Whereas, HR and MAP of Group C were increased at time points of T1 and T2 (P ＜ 0.05, compared with T0 ), with statistical difference compared with Groups PCEA and PCIA at the same time points (P ＜ 0.05 ). VAS in Group PCEA was lower than that in Group PCIA at time points of T2 and T3 ( P ＜ 0.05). Meanwhile, VAS in Groups PCEA and PCIA was lower than that in Group C (P＜0. 05). COR and BS in Group PCEA were significant lower than those in group PCIA at time points of T2 and T3 (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Meanwhile, COR and BS in Groups PCEA and PCIA was lower than that in Group C (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01 ). Moreover, the changes were more significant in Group PCIA than that in Group PCEA (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The anxiety score in Groups PCEA and PCIA was lower than that in Group C (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Two analgesic methods of PCEA and PCIA can provide safe and effective postoperative analgesia and attenuate the stress response and anxiety in surgical patients with lower limb fracture. Meanwhile, PCEA takes more advantages than PCIA.     

佩尔地平与三磷酸腺苷用于动脉导管结扎术中控制性降压的对比观察

目的对比观察佩尔地平与三磷酸腺苷在动脉导管结扎术中控制性降压的临床效能。方法选择先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭行开胸导管结扎术的病人40例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为为三磷酸腺苷(A)组和佩尔地平(B)组,每组20例。降压时A组缓慢静注ATP0.5～1mg&;#183;kg-1,B组缓慢静注佩尔地平3～5μg&;#183;kg-1。注药时每1、2、3、4、5、10、15min分别记录SBP、DBP、HR。结果2组降压效果均较好,但B组降压程度及时间均大于A组(P&;lt;0.05),A组降压过程中心率减慢较B组明显,2组比较差异有极显著性意义。结论佩尔地平和ATP均适合用于动脉导管结扎手术中的控制性降压,而佩尔地平在降压过程中心率变化较稳定有一定的优点。     

自拟散结汤治疗声带小结76例

1997年至2001年间,笔者对声带小结病人采用自拟散结汤治疗,并设对照组进行临床观察,取得满意疗效,现报告如下:1 临床资料 将声带小结病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组76例,男34例,     

血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂治疗急性缺血性卒中的研究进展

血小板活化在血栓形成中起着重要作用,虽然阿替普酶（alteplase,rtPA）静脉溶栓是治疗 急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke,AIS）的标准治疗,但国内外一直在探索联合或单独使用各类 抗血小板药物在治疗AIS中的作用。抑制血小板聚集过程最后共同通路的新型抗血小板药物血小板 糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂,在急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndrome,ACS）等心血管疾病 中的安全性和有效性已得到验证,但在AIS中的作用尚存争议,本文拟就相关临床研究作一综述。     

非静脉转流下原位肝移植围手术期循环和电解质变化的观察

目的:观察非静脉转流下,经典原位肝移植病人围术期电解质浓度和血流动力学变化。方法:9例经典原位肝移植病人在非静脉转流下,行气管插管静吸复合麻醉,术中经颈静脉双腔管持续监测CVP,桡动脉置管监测ABP。于手术各期定时抽取桡动脉血行血气分析,测定钠、钾、钙浓度。常规持续监测HR,SpO2,PETCO2及体温。结果:本组9例围手术期血钙持续偏低,无肝期和再灌注前期尤为明显。无肝期前期(5 m in)及再灌注前期(5 m in)血钾轻度上升,无肝期中期(30 m in)及再灌注中期(30 m in)血钠轻度上升,但极少超出正常范围,病人血流动力学稳定后逐渐恢复诱导后水平。进入无肝期后,大部分病人血压一过性明显下降,其余时间段均较平稳。结论:非静脉转流原位肝移植,无肝期及再灌注期应注意纠正低血钙,无肝期前期(5 m in)及再灌注前期(5 m in)应警惕高血钾发生。进入无肝期前应适当扩容,无肝期中应用血管活性药物维持血压,及时根据病人失血量及血球压积补充血容量,尽可能维持围术期循环稳定,防止再灌注前期严重酸中毒的发生。     

超声引导股外侧皮神经-股神经阻滞在老年患者PFNA术的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下股外侧皮神经-股神经阻滞在老年患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)术的麻醉效果及安全性.方法 选择2017年4月至2019年9月在西部战区总医院行PFNA术的老年患者68例,采用计算机随机数表分为神经阻滞联合喉罩全身麻醉组(NL组)与单纯喉罩全身麻醉组(L组).观察两组患者心率(HR)、平均动脉压(M...     

低血糖对糖尿病患者认知功能障碍影响的研究新进展

低血糖在糖尿病患者的日常血糖管理中很常见,越来越多的研究认为低血糖在认知功能障碍的发病机制中起到重要作用。严重的低血糖与认知功能障碍可能存在双向关系,造成低血糖与认知功能障碍互为加重的恶性循环后果,但具体的作用机制尚未明确。本文就低血糖与认知功能障碍的关系、低血糖致认知功能障碍的机制、临床管理措施等内容进行综述,以期提...     

高效毛细管电泳法同时分离检测六种地龙多肽＊

地龙药用历史悠久，但目前未见对其活性多肽进行分离检测的报道。本文建立了一种同时分离检测六种地龙多肽的毛细管区带电泳新方法。实验发现，在以60 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵-50 mmol·L^-1氢氧化钠（pH = 8.0）为运行缓冲液，以20 kV为分离电压的分析条件下，六种地龙多肽可在10 min内到达基线分离。经方法学验证，六种多肽精密度良好，检测限（S/N = 3）可低至为1.0 μg·mL^-1。