医用低值材料采供管理的探讨

医疗消耗材料是医疗工作开展的基础，本文从医用低值消耗材料的计划制定、材料采购、库房库存结构、材料供应、成本核算等多方面探讨了如何对医疗消耗材料进行科学管理，这对医院的医疗发展和管理建设有着重要意义。     

Image restoration of digital radiography using dual sensor Wiener filter.

A dual sensor Wiener filter (DSWF) technique was used to improve the image quality of a scanning type digital radiographic system. In a digital radiographic system, image quality is evaluated by resolution and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), which are two important parameters representing the objective performance of the system. In this method, when two images are acquired in the same region using two sensors with different characteristics of resolution and SNR, they are processed simultaneously using DSWF, which is the extended concept of a Wiener filter to two dimensions. DSWF uses the cross power spectrum between dual sensor outputs of the same chest radiographic image in the design of filter parameters. It has been implemented with fast algorithm using FFT (fast Fourier transform). The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of conventional methods (Wiener filter and parametric projection filter). In simulation studies, it is shown in 12 cases that this new method has SNR improvement of 1-2 dB better than conventional methods.     

Statistical MUNE: A comparison of two methods of setting recording windows in healthy subjects and ALS patients

OBJECTIVE: To address the issue as to how best to perform statistical MUNE, we applied two different approaches and compared results in healthy subjects and ALS patients. METHODS: Twelve normal subjects (women 8, mean age 52years) and 11 ALS patients (women 4, mean age 54years) underwent two consecutive MUNE studies, which differed in terms of setting and modifying the recording window. These are referred to as the 'expansion' and 'narrowing' methods, respectively. Size-weighted average (Av) SMUP and MUNE values were obtained using the two methods, and compared in control and patient groups. RESULTS: Expansion method-derived Av SMUP sizes and MUNE values differed only slightly from those obtained using the narrowing method in healthy subjects, whereas the narrowing method resulted in significantly larger Av SMUP sizes and smaller MUNE values than the expansion method in ALS patients (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, p=0.003). The sizes of tested areas (mean+/-SD) were significantly larger for the narrowing method than the expansion method in both subject groups with much greater difference in ALS patients; 9.6+/-3.1% vs. 7.9+/-1.7% in healthy subjects and 16.1+/-5.1% vs. 11.2+/-3.0% in ALS patients (Student t-test, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows, unlike that found in normal subjects, that the results of statistical MUNE in ALS patients are heavily dependent on the approach used to set and modify recording windows. SIGNIFICANCE: The expansion method using a 10%-sized window is likely to suffer from systemic errors due to the ceiling effect and the sampling of artifactually small motor units in ALS patients. The authors recommend that the narrowing method be considered as an alternative that avoids these problems.     

老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗相关指标的检测和意义

目的:探讨老年2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗(IR)及其相关性,为老年2型糖尿病的合理防治提供临床依据。方法:选择120例老年2型糖尿病患者,按胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA)胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)50百分位点将患者分为两组:胰岛素相对敏感组(HOMA-IR<3.56)和胰岛素相对抵抗组(HOMA-IR≥3.56),比较体重指数(BMI)、腰/臀比(WHR)、血压、血生化学检查等指标。用年龄>40岁,<60岁的2型糖尿病患者做对照组。结果:两组老年患者在年龄、性别、舒张压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、HOMA胰岛β细胞功能方面无差异;但BMI、WHR、收缩压、甘油三脂、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR差异具有显著性。多线性回归分析后,只有腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂、HOMA-IR存在统计学差异。老年患者与对照组相比,IR发生率明显增加,且两者腰/臀比、收缩压、甘油三脂方面也差异显著。结论:IR与老年2型糖尿病密切相关,是临床防治糖尿病的重要靶点。     

椎管内肿瘤显微外科手术治疗

本组收集自2000年2月至2005年12月我院椎管内肿瘤患者64例,通过显微手术治疗,取得满意效果,报告如下。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:在64例椎管内肿瘤中男性36例,女性28例;年龄最小12岁,最大76岁,平均38岁。2.主要症状与体征:(1)疼痛:疼痛为常见的首发症状,共有18例。常表现为根性疼痛,有时可误诊为肋间神经痛或坐骨神经痛。(2)感觉障碍:常见,共有54例。有不同程度的感觉障碍,表现为有感觉障碍平面并常伴有麻木或束带感。髓内肿瘤则常表现有不同程度的节段性感觉障碍,感觉障碍平面与脊髓肿瘤所在部位相关。(3)运动障碍:有52例入院时在肿瘤压迫…     

家庭护理的危险因素分析及对策

随着人们法制观念的增强,对自身合法权益的维护越来越重视,对医疗护理质量的需求也越来越高。近年来,人民生活水平的不断提高,患心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等慢性疾病者增多,护理需求量增加,需要护理人员从医院走向社区,走入家庭,为个人、家庭、社会提供直接、连续、全面、方便、快捷、经济、优质的家庭护理服务,以满足社区居民的需求。我院于2002年5月开设了家庭护理,现已开展了12项服务内容,共对27例病人(149例次)实施家庭护理服务,护理服务对象平均年龄为74.8岁,其中脑梗死23例,多伴有偏瘫、失语,合并有高血压、糖尿病等疾病;恶性肿瘤2例;肾衰竭…     

超声检查在男性创伤性尿道狭窄诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声检查对男性创伤性尿道狭窄的诊断价值。方法对21例男性创伤性尿道狭窄患者进行超声检查,14例同时联合尿道造影检查,结果与术中所见进行对比分析。结果21例超声结果与术中所见一致。14例联合检查中,造影检查有2例前尿道狭窄漏诊,2例狭窄近侧结石未发现,2例正常后尿道误诊为狭窄,2例后尿道狭窄长度不能估计;2例会阴部瘘管造影清晰显示而超声显示不佳。结论超声在狭窄定位、长度测量、瘢痕范围估测及显示继发结石等方面优于造影,造影显示瘘管清晰,必要时两者应联合应用。     

头面部复杂动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的　研究经导管栓塞技术在头面部动静脉畸形治疗中的应用。方法　 3 0例头面部动静脉畸形患者共接受 40次栓塞治疗。其中使用国产TH胶栓塞者为 18例 2 0次 ,使用进口PVA微粒栓塞者为 12例 2 0次。结果　 3 0例患者均成功实行瘤灶供血动脉栓塞术。所有患者栓塞术后临床症状明显改善 ,如瘤体缩小甚至消失 ,皮温降低 ,搏动感和血管杂音减弱或消失等。术后随访3～ 6个月 ,12例复发。全部病例均无严重并发症。结论　对于头面部动静脉畸形的患者来说 ,经导管栓塞术是一种较好的非手术治疗方法 ,在栓塞剂的选择方面 ,则以PVA微粒栓塞更为理想。     

神经导航辅助显微手术治疗脑功能区肿瘤

目的探讨神经导航系统辅助下脑重要功能区肿瘤显微手术的治疗效果和应用价值。方法1999年12月～2002年6月应用StealthStation神经导航系统辅助切除邻近脑重要功能区肿瘤10例,对神经导航系统术中应用的优越性、精确性等进行分析。结果本组平均注册误差为(2.8±0.9)mm,肿瘤和重要解剖功能结构定位准确,肿瘤全切除率77.8%。术后神经功能未受明显影响,无手术并发症及死亡。结论神经导航系统对于切除邻近脑重要功能区肿瘤具有定位准确,动态示踪和实时导航,侵袭性小,安全、可靠等特点,有助于提高肿瘤全切率及降低手术并发症。