四川省九寨沟县8·8强震后暴雨沟谷型泥石流发育特征——以漳扎镇纳休沟为例

2017年8月8日四川省九寨沟县突发7.0级地震,破坏性地震过后引发次生地质灾害的概率极高。8·8强震对四川省九寨沟县域内崩塌、滑坡灾害产生明显作用,但是泥石流灾害由于先天具有隐蔽性和时差性的特点,灾前特征难于被精准识别。纳休沟位于8·8强震震中附近的漳扎镇,强震发生后的次年7月1日,纳休沟突发中型泥石流,造成了约200万元的经济损失。本文通过定性描述泥石流爆发前纳休沟的地形、主沟道、支沟道、堆积物等发育特征,对纳休沟泥石流发育特征和活动轨迹进行研究,预测其发展趋势,并提出科学的治理方案,对于震后暴雨沟谷型泥石流的防灾治理具有一定的参考意义。     

Study on depositing SiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of jute fiber via hydrothermal method and its reinforced polypropylene composites

To improve the interfacial compatibility of jute fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, hydrothermal method was used to deposit SiO₂ nanoparticles on the surface of pretreated jute fibers and the effect of reaction factors (tetraethoxysilane [TEOS] concentration, ammonia concentration, and reaction temperature) on the deposition of SiO₂ nanoparticles were evaluated. The results of FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM showed that the amorphous SiO₂ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 65.0 nm were successfully deposited on the surface of jute fibers at the TEOS/H₂O volume ratio of 1:2, ammonia of 0.55 M, reaction temperature of 100 °C (0.15 MPa) for 5 h. Compared with the sol–gel method, SiO₂ nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method possessed smaller particle size and were less agglomerated, which can better fill in the surface defects of the jute fibers and result in a 12.9% increase in the tensile strength. The study on the mechanical properties and interface performance of the jute fiber reinforced PP composites indicated that the interfacial compatibility between jute fibers and PP was obviously improved. The tensile and impact strength of the composites reinforced with nano‐SiO₂ deposited jute fibers were increased by 26.87% and 25.65%, respectively, compared with the untreated jute fibers. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:43–54, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers     

多级误差扩散加网技术研究

为了提高输出图像的质量,使人眼视觉产生连续调效果,使用了多级误差扩散算法生成网目调图像。多级加网技术在传统二值（0和1）之间增加了中间阶调,突破了长久以来人们一贯应用的＂非黑即白＂输出理念。通过分析传统误差扩散和多级误差扩散理论基础,提出了多级多阶误差扩散算法。多级多阶误差扩散采用迭代算法,引用图像四叉树来表示原始图像与输出网目调图像的差异。算法结果表明,多级多阶误差扩散加网技术使加网后的图像具有更为精确的阶调复制和更为丰富的层次再现,图像之间的过渡更为平整自然。     

二氧化碳驱油藏有利沉积相组合研究

油藏CO₂ 驱时,气体突破时间延长,可提高经济效益。以中原油田某研究区块储层条件为基础,运用数值模拟技术,研究不同沉积相组合储层CO₂ 驱开发效果。数模结果表明,平均渗透率相同的条件下,随着渗透率级差的增加,生产时间逐渐缩短,采收率和气体突破时间逐渐增加,井口产出CO₂ 气体的峰值产量逐渐降低。在水下分流河道侧翼部署注入井和采油井,通过压裂引流,开采水下分流河道沉积砂体的原油,可有效减缓气窜,延长开发时间,提高原油采收率。     

Evaluation of a large dish‐type concentrator solar lighting system for underground car park

To utilize solar energy more efficiently and reduce lighting power consumption in underground public spaces such as car park, a large dish‐type concentrator solar lighting system is put forward along with its evaluation, which is a unique design to apply a laminated layer of beam split thin‐film coating and thin‐film solar cells onto the dish reflector. The collected sunlight is split into 2 parts, one being reflected into a fiber optical bundle and transmitted for daylighting, while the rest being absorbed by solar cells for electricity generation as the other way to replenish daylighting. A set of 4 solar lighting systems using 3.28‐m diameter dish are designed to meet the lighting requirement in a 1771‐m² underground car park. A mathematical model is adopted to calculate the output power and conversion efficiency of solar cells distributed on the parabolic dish surface. The indoor illuminance distribution is given by lighting simulation. The results indicate that the average daylight illuminance in the car park can vary between 62.7 and 284 lx on February 25, 2016 and between 62.7 and 353 lx on August 17, 2016 for 2 chosen days, respectively. For the presented design, the electricity produced by solar cells is just enough to power light‐emitting diodes for lighting meeting a criterion at night. Considering about 19% conversion efficiency of solar cells and the efficacy of 129.5 lm/W of light‐emitting diodes, the hybrid solar lighting system can have about 40% utilization ratio of solar energy, so it can be concluded that a sufficient lighting provision can be provided by the proposed large dish‐type concentrator solar lighting system for applications in underground car park.     

大港油田关家堡地区不同含油层系气测解释方法探讨

大港油田关家堡地区油气藏特征复杂，不同含油层系油气显示特征不同，气测录井解释符合率相对较低。针对这一情况，通过分析关家堡地区明化镇组、馆陶组和沙河街组的地质和气测显示特征，结合试油结论，提出不同含油层系相应的气测录井解释方法——TR与Wh（湿度比）气测解释法和三角形图板法，归纳总结了全烃及组分在不同层系的变化规律。应用实例表明，效果较好，对于复杂油气藏多层系油气层的解释评价具有一定的借鉴作用。     

直驱转台伺服系统的优化神经网络滑模位置控制研究

针对直驱转台伺服系统存在参数变化、高度非线性、机械谐振等不确定性因素,提出一种优化神经网络滑模位置控制方法。利用两个神经网络控制器分别实现转台系统滑模控制中的等效滑模控制和滑模切换控制,并采用遗传算法优化神经网络的权值。仿真结果表明:采用该控制方法,直驱转台伺服系统的位置跟踪精度高,系统的鲁棒性强。     

基于DYNAFORM汽车覆盖件冲压仿真分析

在汽车覆盖件的冲压过程中,拉延筋、压边力、板料厚度、润滑和摩擦等条件对冲压成形过程中的回弹均有不同程度的影响.通过运用DYNAFORM对汽车覆盖件冲压过程进行仿真模拟,分析汽车覆盖件在不同冲压条件下的结果,为汽车覆盖件冲压成形工艺优化提供依据.     

海菜花结合酚的组成、抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用

采用福林-酚法、亚硝酸钠-氯化铝法分别测定海菜花花、茎、叶中结合酚总酚及黄酮含量,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析结合酚的组成,并研究其抗氧化活性及其对过氧自由基(ROO·)介导的DNA损伤保护作用.结果表明,海菜花结合酚总酚含量为209.72～366.35 mg GAE/g提取物(Extract),黄酮含量为156....     

High‐performance thermosets with tailored properties derived from methacrylated eugenol and epoxy‐based vinyl ester

A renewable chemical, eugenol, is methacrylated to produce methacrylated eugenol (ME) employing the Steglich esterification reaction without any solvent. The resulting ME is used as a low‐viscosity co‐monomer to replace styrene in a commercial epoxy‐based vinyl ester resin (VE). The volatility and viscosity of ME and styrene are compared. The effect of ME loading and temperature on the viscosity of the VE–ME resin is investigated. Moreover, the thermomechanical properties, curing extent and thermal stability of the fully cured VE–ME thermosets are systematically examined. The results indicate that ME is a monomer with low volatility and low viscosity, and therefore the incorporation of ME monomer in VE resins allows significant reduction of viscosity. Moreover, the viscosity of the VE–ME resin can be tailored by adjusting the ME loadings and processing temperature to meet commercial liquid molding technology requirements. The glass transition temperatures of VE–ME thermosets range from 139 to 199 °C. In addition, more than 95% of the monomer is incorporated and fixed in the crosslinked network structure of VE–ME thermosets. Overall, the developed ME monomer exhibits promising potential for replacing styrene as an effective low‐viscosity co‐monomer. The VE–ME resins show great advantages for use in polymer matrices for high‐performance fiber‐reinforced composites. This work is of great significance to the vinyl ester industry by providing detailed experimental support. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry