面向用户需求的非结构化P2P资源定位泛洪策略

在非结构化P2P网络中,如何对用户所需资源进行快速、准确定位是当前研究的热点问题,也是P2P应用领域面临的核心问题之一.相关的非结构化P2P资源定位算法在查准率、查全率和查询成本上难以同时被优化,这会造成严重的网络带宽负担以及巨大的索引维护开销.为此,提出一种面向用户需求的非结构化P2P资源定位策略(user requirements resource location strategy,简称U2RLS).该策略的创新点是:在原有非结构化P2P网络资源定位泛洪算法的基础上,融入用户需求、用户偏好、用户兴趣度等因素,首先进行用户资源子网划分;采用带有用户需求信息的泛洪和查询索引机制,对用户所需资源进行精确定位.该策略有效避免了因海量信息引起的网络风暴、信息重叠和资源搜索偏覆盖等问题,从而解决了查询节点盲目使用中继节点的现象.实验结果表明:面向用户需求的非结构化P2P资源定位策略U2RLS以其高搜索成功率、有限网络资源消耗和短查询时间响应等优势,能够显著地提高用户资源定位效率.     

Enhancement of the up-conversion luminescence of ZnO:Yb3+/Er3+ by photonic crystals

The opal photonic crystals (PCs) were assembled by vertical deposition of polystyrene microspheres (PS), in which Yb3+, Er3+ co-doped ZnO powders were deposited on the surface of PC films. The phase, structure and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The performance of up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) was investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The up-conversion (UC) emission of ZnO:Yb3+/Er3+on the PC surface is notably enhanced when the UC emission wavelength is overlapped with the photonic bandgaps of opals, which is attributed to Bragg reflection of photonic bandgap. The results show that PCs may have potential applications in the enhancement of UCPL and optoelectronic devices.     

非结构P2P网络受限搜索机制

降低搜索过程中产生的大量网络开销,是非结构P2P 网络重点研究内容之一.泛洪算法和随机查找算法简单且易于实现,但其在搜索过程中产生的大量冗余消息是造成大量网络开销的主要原因.针对这一问题,提出一种受限搜索机制(restricted forward search algorithm,简称RFSA),定义了搜索路径和冗余搜索路径,引入本地消息索引缓存机制,通过节点对消息的受限接收,消除节点对消息的重复接收与转发;利用搜索过程中携带的实时搜索路径信息,选择未出现在搜索路径中的邻居节点对消息进行转发,消除冗余搜索路径的产生.从理论上分析了RFSA 所产生的消息数目和网络开销.模拟实验分别从网络开销、查询点击率、搜索覆盖率和产生的冗余消息数目等方面对受限机制下和非受限机制下的泛洪算法和随机查找算法进行了对比分析,结果表明,在搜索覆盖率和查询点击率基本相同的情况下,受限机制下的泛洪算法和随机查找算法能够减少大量冗余消息的产生,降低了网络开销.     

基于ELM的改进CART决策树回归算法

为提高CART(Classification And Regression Tree)决策树回归算法的准确性,提出一种基于ELM(Extreme Learning Machine)的改进CART决策树回归算法——ELM-CART算法.所提算法主要是在CART回归树创建过程中,在每个叶节点使用极限学习机建模,可以得到真正意义上的回归预测值,提高泛化能力,弥补CART决策树回归算法本身的容易过拟合以及预测输出为定值等缺点.实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效提高回归分析中目标数据的预测准确性,其准确性优于所对比算法.     

Using LASSO regression based SVM classification to improve the predictive performance of radiation-induced pneumonitis complication in breast cancer

ABSTRACT

Radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) is a common complication in breast cancer patients after radiation therapy (RT). In the present study, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and five classification algorithms were used to improve both the predictive ability of RP and the quality of patients’ daily life. A total of 106 breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. All of the patients were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). A total of 19 risk factors were included in this study. The present study found that the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and accuracy (ACC) of LASSO selected factors (F_LASSO) for each of the five classification algorithms were generally higher than those of all selected factors (F_all) and dose selected factors (F_dose). We propose to use LASSO with support vector machine (SVM) to assess the risk of complications, to improve the predictive ability for breast cancer patients with complications after RT, and to reduce the cost of assessing the risk of complications.     

苛刻条件下50 m高砖混烟囱的控制爆破

本文介绍在其倾倒方向不得偏差± 3°的苛刻条件下 ,5 0m高砖混烟囱定向倾倒控制爆破的方案选择 ,爆破施工和初浅认识。     

Optimisation of microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction of corilagin and geraniin from Geranium sibiricum Linne and evaluation of antioxidant activity

Plant polyphenols exhibit effective bio-activities, particularly antioxidant activities. Previous studies showed that Geranium sibiricum Linne contains high levels of polyphenolic compounds such as corilagin (CG) and geraniin (GE). In this study, a microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE) method was evaluated for the simultaneous extraction of CG and GE only with deionised water. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: irradiation power 500 W, ratio of solvent to material 40 ml/g, irradiation temperature 33 °C, pH 5.2, amount of cellulase 3600 U/g and irradiation time 9 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yields of CG and GE achieved were 6.79 and 19.82 mg/g, which increased by 64.01% and 72.95%, respectively, as compared with the control ones. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of crude extracts were 2.61 mmol FeSO₄/g DW and 0.118 mg/ml (IC₅₀), according to the FRAP and DPPH assays, which indicated G. sibiricum Linne possesses good potential for natural antioxidants.     

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of triterpene saponins from defatted residue of yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) kernel and evaluation of its antioxidant activity

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of triterpene saponins from defatted residue of yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) kernel was optimized in this study. Compared with the conventional extraction methods ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and heat reflux extraction (HRE), MAE possessed higher efficiency for the extraction of triterpene saponins. The MAE conditions including extraction temperature, extraction duration, irradiation power, ethanol concentration, ratio of solvent to material and extraction cycles were studied and optimized. The optimum extraction parameters were as follows: 51 °C, 7 min, 900 W, 32 ml/g, 42% (v/v) ethanol and 3 cycles. Under the above conditions, the highest extraction yield of triterpene saponins reached 11.62 ± 0.37% of defatted kernel, which was much higher than those of conventional extraction methods. In addition, MAE extract of triterpene saponins exhibited substantial free radical-scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.782 mg/ml.

Industrial relevance

Large amounts of defatted kernels of yellow horn are discarded after oil extraction in biodiesel production. It is not only an environmental pollution but also a waste of bioresource. In fact, the residue still has potential for bioactive and medicinal use. Therefore, this study focused on the utilization of defatted kernels of yellow horn by optimizing MAE and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the resulting extract. MAE provided a better way to deal with defatted kernels of yellow horn as a utilization of waste material of the bioactive resource in food and pharmaceutical industry.     

Variation in contents of phenolic compounds during growth and post-harvest storage of pigeon pea seedlings

The variation in contents of seven phenolic compounds in pigeon pea seedlings during growth and storage was investigated. Maximum contents of vitexin, isovitexin and orientin were found in leaves growing 40 days, which were 0.99 ± 0.06, 6.63 ± 0.35 and 30.89 ± 1.92 mg/g DW. Apigenin and luteolin were extensively distributed in leaves, stems and roots. Pinostrobin and cajaninstilbene acid were mainly accumulated in leaves, the peak values 3.53 ± 0.18 and 2.49 ± 0.13 mg/g DW appeared at the 60th day. Slight and steady increases of seven phenolic compounds were found in room temperature (25 °C) stored pigeon pea leaves up to 120 days. The highest accumulation of seven phenolic compounds at chilling temperature (4 °C) was observed at the 45th day, after which the contents decreased sharply. The stems extracts exhibited more efficient DPPH radical-scavenging ability while the roots extracts demonstrated the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity.