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991.
992.
Mathematical models are developed and used to study the properties of complex systems in just about every area of applied science and engineering. Information on the system being modeled is, in general, incomplete, so that there may be two or more models consistent with the available information. The collection of these models is called the class of candidate models. A decision-theoretic method is developed for selecting the optimal member from the collection. The optimal model depends on the available information, the class of candidate models, and the model use. The candidate models may be deterministic or random. Classical methods for model selection, including the method of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, are briefly reviewed. These methods ignore model use and require data to be available. In addition, examples are used to show that classical methods for model selection can be unreliable in the sense that they can deliver unsatisfactory models when data is limited. The proposed decision-theoretic method for model selection does not have these limitations. The method accounts for model use via a utility function. This feature is especially important when modeling high-risk systems where the consequences of using an inappropriate model for the system can be disastrous. 相似文献
993.
994.
We show new upper bounds for problems in the W-hierarchy of fixed-parameter complexity. A crucial ingredient of our proofs
is an extension to the W-RAM model, which permits more-powerful operations but remains equivalent to the original. We use
the extended model to give new upper bounds for Subsetsum, Maximum Irredundant Set, and various problems concerning intersection
of finite-state machines. 相似文献
995.
Emergency department status boards: user-evolved artefacts for inter- and intra-group coordination 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert L. Wears Shawna J. Perry Stephanie Wilson Julia Galliers James Fone 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2007,9(3):163-170
Large, easily viewed status boards are commonly used in some healthcare settings such as emergency departments, operating
theaters, intensive care units, and inpatient wards. Because these artefacts were developed by front-line users, and have
little to no supervisory or regulatory control, they offer valuable insights into the theories of work and hazard held by
those users. Although the status boards case were locally developed over many years for within-group coordination, they have
also become useful for between-group coordination across organizational boundaries. In this paper, we compare and contrast
the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking
similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting. 相似文献
996.
997.
Georgios D. Styliaras Georgios K. Tsolis Chris M. Papaterpos 《International Journal on Digital Libraries》2007,8(1):61-78
In this paper, AssetCollector is presented, which is a system for managing collections of cultural assets. AssetCollector
covers the needs of collection curators towards defining, populating and searching a collection in a flexible way, while supporting
them in generating reports based on the collection’s assets and reusing them in order to build web sites and CD-ROMs. In order
to support the above functionality, the system provides the content structuring subsystem, the content input subsystem, the
search subsystem and the report subsystem. The use of the subsystems is straightforward and requires no technical skills from
the curators. AssetCollector has been successfully applied for organizing various collections of cultural assets in Greece,
such as archaeological sites, museums and published books. In the future, an evaluation procedure is planned in order to further
refine the use of the system according to the targeted users’ needs. Furthermore, more import and export facilities will be
provided, which will make the system compliant with widely accepted standards. 相似文献
998.
C. Janke R. Jones S. Öberg P. R. Briddon 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(7):775-780
Boron is observed to diffuse very slowly in germanium, as opposed to its behaviour in silicon where it exhibits Transient
Enhanced Diffusion effects in implanted samples. As a result of this slow diffusion, boron is a very stable dopant, allowing
devices to be created with very well-defined doping regions. To understand this superior performance, calculations were performed
on a variety of boron diffusion paths, within vacancy and interstitial mediated methods. It was found that the vacancy mediated
diffusion which is associated with the fast diffusion of many other species in germanium exhibits a total barrier of 5.8 eV.
Interstitial-mediated diffusion had a total barrier for migration of 3.4 eV in the neutral and singly negative charge states,
3.2 eV for the positive charge state, but a formation barrier of 4.1 eV. Thus the barrier for interstitial-mediated diffusion
is dominated by the formation energy of the self-interstitial. 相似文献
999.
Trust on a Nationwide Scale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singapore is a small island nation with roughly 4.5 million inhabitants, but it has a highly developed international economy based on trade, services, and knowledge management. Singapore launched its lofty goals by defining the nationpsilas e-security. Current research in the Singaporean telecommunications and IT security community attempts to model such peer-to-peer ad hoc transactions and leverage the existing standard infrastructure described in this article. 相似文献
1000.
Discussed in this paper is the Cartesian stiffness matrix, which recently has received special attention within the robotics
research community. Stiffness is a fundamental concept in mechanics; its representation in mechanical systems whose potential
energy is describable by a finite set of generalized coordinates takes the form of a square matrix that is known to be, moreover,
symmetric and positive-definite or, at least, semi-definite. We attempt to elucidate in this paper the notion of “asymmetric
stiffness matrices”. In doing so, we show that to qualify for a stiffness matrix, the matrix should be symmetric and either
positive semi-definite or positive-definite. We derive the conditions under which a matrix mapping small-amplitude displacement
screws into elastic wrenches fails to be symmetric. From the discussion, it should be apparent that the asymmetric matrix
thus derived cannot be, properly speaking, a stiffness matrix. The concept is illustrated with an example. 相似文献