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31.
Reliable multicast, the lossless dissemination of data from one sender to a group of receivers, has a wide range of important applications. Recently, network coding has been applied to the reliable multicast in wireless networks, where multiple lost packets with distinct intended receivers are XOR-ed together as one packet and forwarded via single retransmission, resulting in a significant reduction of bandwidth consumption. However, the simple XOR operation cannot fully exploit the potential coding opportunities and finding the optimal set of lost packets for XOR-ing is a complex NP-complete optimization problem. In this work, we intend to move beyond the simple XOR to more general coding operations. Specifically, we propose two new schemes (a static scheme which repeatedly retransmits one coding packet until all intended receivers receive it and a dynamic scheme which updates the coding packet once one or more receivers receive it) to encode packets with more general coding operations, which not only can encode lost packets with common intended receivers together to fully exploit the potential coding opportunities but also have polynomial-time complexity. We demonstrate, through both analytical and simulation results, that the proposed schemes can more greatly reduce the bandwidth requirement than the available coding-based schemes, especially in the case of high packet loss probabilities and a larger number of receivers. This reduction can vary from a few percents to over 15% depending on the packet loss probabilities and the number of receivers. 相似文献
32.
Levesque MJ Ichikawa K Date S Haga JH 《Computer methods and programs in biomedicine》2009,93(1):73-82
Grid computing offers the powerful alternative of sharing resources on a worldwide scale, across different institutions to run computationally intensive, scientific applications without the need for a centralized supercomputer. Much effort has been put into development of software that deploys legacy applications on a grid-based infrastructure and efficiently uses available resources. One field that can benefit greatly from the use of grid resources is that of drug discovery since molecular docking simulations are an integral part of the discovery process. In this paper, we present a scalable, reusable platform to choreograph large virtual screening experiments over a computational grid using the molecular docking simulation software DOCK. Software components are applied on multiple levels to create automated workflows consisting of input data delivery, job scheduling, status query, and collection of output to be displayed in a manageable fashion for further analysis. This was achieved using Opal OP to wrap the DOCK application as a grid service and PERL for data manipulation purposes, alleviating the requirement for extensive knowledge of grid infrastructure. With the platform in place, a screening of the ZINC 2,066,906 compound "drug-like" subset database against an enzyme's catalytic site was successfully performed using the MPI version of DOCK 5.4 on the PRAGMA grid testbed. The screening required 11.56 days laboratory time and utilized 200 processors over 7 clusters. 相似文献
33.
Van Thanh Dau Thien Xuan Dinh Tanaka Katsuhiko Sugiyama Susumu 《Microsystem Technologies》2009,15(7):1039-1044
A gas-jet micro pump with novel cross-junction channel has been designed and fabricated using a Si micromachining process.
The valveless micro pump is composed of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) diaphragm actuator and fluidic network.
The design of the valveless pump focuses on a cross-junction formed by the neck of the pump chamber and one outlet and two
opposite inlet channels. The structure of cross-junction allows differences in fluidic resistance and fluidic momentum inside
the channels during each PZT diaphragm vibration cycle, which leads to the gas flow being rectified without valves. The flow
channels were easily fabricated by using silicon etching process. To investigate the effects of the structure of the cross-junction
on the gas flow rate, two types of pump with different cross-junction were studied. The design and simulation were done using
ANSYS-Fluent software. The simulations and experimental data revealed that the step-nozzle structure is much more advantageous
than the planar structure. A flow rate of 5.2 ml/min was obtained for the pump with step structure when the pump was driven
at its resonant frequency of 7.9 kHz by a sinusoidal voltage of 50 Vp–p. 相似文献
34.
Fabrication techniques of microstructures with high resolution and high aspect ratio are necessary for practical microelectromechanical
systems (MEMS) that have high performance and integration. In order to fabricate microstructures with sub-micron resolution
and high aspect ratio, deep X-ray lithography has been investigated using the compact synchrotron radiation (SR) light source
called “AURORA”. An X-ray mask for sub-micron deep X-ray lithography, which is composed of 1 μm thick Au as absorbers, 2 μm
thick SiC as a membrane and 625 μm thick Si as a frame, was designed. In preliminary experiments, the following results were
achieved: EB resist microstructures with an aspect ratio of 22 corresponding with 0.07 μm width and 1.3 μm height were formed;
a 10 μm thick PMMA resist containing no warp was formed by direct polymerization, enabling more precise gap control. 相似文献
35.
Static fatigue behaviour in various kinds of non-transforming ceramics has been investigated. It was found that static fatigue is closely related to the presence of a glassy phase between adjacent grains, as well as fracture toughness. Non-oxide ceramics, such as reaction-bonded silicon nitride which scarcely contains the glassy phase (group I), are insensitive to static fatigue, whereas non-transformation oxide ceramics, like alumina and non-oxide ceramics such as silicon nitride which contains the glassy phase (group II), are sensitive to static fatigue. However, static fatigue behaviour in the materials of group II also depends strongly on fracture toughness. K
IC. Namely, fatigue parameter n increases linearly as K
IC increases. From such a dependence the life time relation in the materials of group II is proposed as
in terms of applied stress S and K
IC. 相似文献
36.
Yasutaka Takahashi Kenji Mutoh Seiji Motojima Kohzo Sugiyama 《Journal of Materials Science》1981,16(5):1217-1222
Both dimethylamino- (I) and diethylamino-alane dimers (II), [(R2N)2AlH]2 (I, R=Me; II, R=Et) decompose above 800° C under a few hundred Pa of hydrogen to dark greyish, hard (Vickers hardness larger than 2000), oxidation-resistive and oxidation-protective deposits which are tentatively identified as Al5C3N. The deposits are stable to moisture and diluted hydrochloric acid in contrast to those obtained below 800° C, but they easily dissolve in sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature evolving a gas. The deposits on a stainless steel substrate adhere strongly to the substrate and remain so on rapid heating and cooling. The electrical resistivity of the deposits is in the range 102 to 104 cm. 相似文献
37.
Nitrogen and phosphorus effluent loads from a paddy-field district adopting collective crop rotation
Japanese paddy rice systems commonly adopt the rotation of vegetables, wheat and soybeans with paddy rice. Crop rotation may, however, increase the nutrient load in effluent discharged from the district because more fertilizer is applied to the rotation crops than is applied to paddy crops. We investigated a paddy-field district subject to collective crop rotation and quantified the annual nutrient load of effluent from the district in three consecutive years. The total annual exports of nitrogen and phosphorus over the investigation period ranged from 30.3 to 40.6 kg N ha(-1) and 2.62 to 3.13 kg P ha(-1). The results suggest that rotation cropping increases the effluent nutrient load because applied fertilizer is converted to nitrate, and surface runoff is increased due to the absence of shuttering boards at the field outlets. 相似文献
38.
K. Mori T. Fukunaga K. Iwase K. Oishi M. Yonemura M. Sugiyama T. Kamiyama 《Cement and Concrete Research》2006,36(11):2033-2038
Mechanical milling was carried out to synthesize amorphous tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) sample, where Ca3SiO5 is the most principal component of Portland cement. The partial phase transformation from the crystalline to the amorphous state was observed by X-ray and neutron diffractions. Moreover, it was found that the structural distortion on the Ca-O correlation exists in the milled Ca3SiO5. The hydration of the milled Ca3SiO5 with D2O proceeds as follows: the formation of hydration products such as Ca(OD)2 rapidly occurs in the early hydration stage, and then proceeds slowly after about 15 h. The induction time for the hydration of the milled Ca3SiO5 is approximately one half shorter than that for the hydration of the unmilled one. This result means that the mechanical milling brings about the chemical activity of Ca3SiO5 for hydration, and may be particularly useful for increasing the reactivity in the early hydration stage. 相似文献
39.
40.
Out‐of‐Plane Strain Induced in a Moiré Superstructure of Monolayer MoS2 and MoSe2 on Au(111) 下载免费PDF全文
Satoshi Yasuda Ryosuke Takahashi Ryo Osaka Ryota Kumagai Yasumitsu Miyata Susumu Okada Yuhei Hayamizu Kei Murakoshi 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,13(31)
Making contact of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a metal surface is essential for fabricating and designing electronic devices and catalytic systems. It also generates strain in the TMDCs that plays significant role in both electronic and phonon structures. Therefore, detailed understanding of mechanism of the strain generation is important to fully comprehend the modulation effect for the electronic and phonon properties. Here, MoS2 and MoSe2 monolayers are grown on Au surface by chemical vapor deposition and it is demonstrated that the contact with a crystalline Au(111) surface gives rise to only out‐of‐plane strain in both MoS2 and MoSe2 layers, whereas no strain generation is observed on polycrystalline Au or SiO2/Si surfaces. Scanning tunneling microscopy analysis provides information regarding consequent specific adsorption sites between lower S (Se) atoms in the S? Mo? S (Se? Mo? Se) structure and Au atoms via unique moiré superstructure formation for MoS2 and MoSe2 layers on Au(111). This observation indicates that the specific adsorption sites give rise to out‐of‐plane strain in the TMDC layers. Furthermore, it also leads to effective modulation of the electronic structure of the MoS2 or MoSe2 layer. 相似文献