Improved analysis on the viewing angle of integral imaging

There have already been several analyses about the viewing angle of integral imaging (InIm). However, they can be applied only under the assumption that the original image is merely a single point source and are not suitable for application to an actual condition. We propose an improved analysis based on the actual InIm image, not on a single point source. It is possible to analyze and predict the viewing angle of an InIm system with good accuracy with the new analytic method because almost all the parameters of the InIm system such as the size and focal length of the lens array, image distance, the size and resolution of the image, and the location of the observers are included in this analysis.     

An accurate current source with on-chip self-calibration circuits for low-voltage current-mode differential drivers

An accurate CMOS current source for current-mode low-voltage differential transmitter drivers has been designed and fabricated. It is composed of binary weighted current mirrors with built-in self-calibration circuits. The proposed self-measurement and calibration circuits can calibrate upon the collective effects of different error contributors due to process, power supply, and temperature variations. The design has been fabricated in standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the differential output voltage can be self-calibrated to /spl plusmn/1% accuracy with 16% reference current variation, 60% power supply variation, or 13% load resistance variation, respectively.     

On the Road to Accurate Protein Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis: Current Status and Future Advances

Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. Molecular biomarkers work in conjunction with existing clinicopathologic tools to help physicians decide who to biopsy, re-biopsy, treat, or re-treat. The past decade has witnessed the commercialization of multiple PC protein biomarkers with improved performance, remarkable progress in proteomic technologies for global discovery and targeted validation of novel protein biomarkers from clinical specimens, and the emergence of novel, promising PC protein biomarkers. In this review, we summarize these advances and discuss the challenges and potential solutions for identifying and validating clinically useful protein biomarkers in PC diagnosis and prognosis. The identification of multi-protein biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, as well as their integration with clinicopathologic parameters, imaging, and other molecular biomarkers, bodes well for optimal personalized management of PC patients.     

Parasitic modeling and analysis for a 1-Gb/s CMOS laser driver

A differential laser driver (LD) operating at 1 Gb/s has been designed and tested using NSC 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The effect of simultaneous switching noise caused by packaging parasitic was addressed and the parasitic model was developed to predict the exact behavior of circuit performance. With the developed parasitic model, the LD simulation results showed the degradation of the output signal. Thus, the effectiveness of the decoupling capacitor was suggested and investigated through the LD design. However, the test results did not match with the expected results due to the parasitic in the input and output nodes. Hence, the back-annotated analysis was performed with the developed parasitic models and the simulated output of the LD matched with that of the tested results.     

Depth‐enhanced integral‐imaging 3D display using different optical path lengths by polarization devices or mirror barrier array

Abstract— Depth‐enhanced integral three‐dimensional (3D) imaging using different optical path lengths by using a polarization selective mirror pair or mirror barrier array is proposed. In the proposed approach, the enhancement of image depth is achieved by repositioning two types of elemental image planes, thus effectively two central depth planes are obtained. One of the two implementation methods makes use of the two‐arm structure that has different optical path lengths and polarization‐selective mirrors. The other utilizes the mirror barrier array. The primary advantage of the method with polarization devices is that we can observe 3D images that maintain some level of viewing resolution with a large depth difference without any mechanical moving part. The mirror barrier array has the advantage of the compact thickness. We demonstrated and verified our proposals experimentally.     

Chip-level integration of RF MEMS on-chip inductors using UV-LIGA technique

This paper presents a chip-level integration of radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) air-suspended circular spiral on-chip inductors onto MOSIS RF circuit chips of LNA and VCO using a multi-layer UV-LIGA technique including SU-8 UV lithography and copper electroplating. A high frequency simulation package, HFSS, was used to determine the layout of MEMS on-chip inductors with inductance values close to the target inductance values required for the RF circuit chips within the range of 10%. All MEMS on-chip inductors were successfully fabricated using a contrast enhancement method for 50 μm air suspension without any physical deformations. High frequency measurement and modeling of the integrated inductors revealed relatively high quality factors over 10 and self-resonant frequencies more than 15 GHz for a 1.44 nH source inductor and a 3.14 nH drain inductor on low resistivity silicon substrates (0.014 Ω cm). The post-IC integration of RF MEMS on-chip inductors onto RF circuit chips at a chip scale using a multi-layer UV-LIGA technique along with high frequency measurement and modeling demonstrated in this work will open up new avenues with the wider integration feasibility of MEMS on-chip inductors in RF applications for cost-effective prototype applications in small laboratories and businesses.     

Wide-viewing-angle integral three-dimensional imaging system by curving a screen and a lens array

A wide-viewing-angle integral three-dimensional imaging system made by curving a screen and a lens array is described. A flexible screen and a curved lens array are incorporated into an integral imaging system in place of a conventional flat display panel and a flat lens array. One can effectively eliminate flipped images by adopting barriers. As a result, the implemented system permits the limitation of viewing angle to be overcome and the viewing angle to be expanded remarkably. Using the proposed method, we were able to achieve a viewing angle of 33 degrees (one side) for real integral imaging and 40 degrees (one side) for virtual integral imaging, which is four times wider than that of the currently used conventional techniques. The principle of the implemented system is explained, and some experimental results are presented.     

Viewing-angle-enhanced integral imaging by elemental image resizing and elemental lens switching

Integral imaging (II) is one of the promising techniques in the field of autostereoscopic three-dimensional display. Despite of its many advantages, the narrow viewing angle has been a drawback. We propose a technique that enhances the viewing angle of II by resizing the elemental images taken by the pickup process and switching the elemental lenses in the display process. We explain the principle of the proposed technique, analyze the effect on the resolution of the integrated image, and show the experimental results.     

Fabrication of gradient optical filter containing anisotropic Bragg nanostructure

New gradient optical filters containing asymmetric Bragg structure were prepared from the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) porous silicon (PSi). Anisotropic DBR PSi displaying a rainbow-colored reflection was generated by using an asymmetric etching configuration. Flexible anisotropic DBR PSi composite films were obtained by casting of polymer solution onto anisotropic DBR PSi thin films. The surface and cross-sectional images images of anisotropic DBR PSi composite films obtained with cold field emission scanning electron microscope indicated that the average pore size and the thickness of porous layer decreased as the lateral distance increased. As lateral distance increased, the reflection resonance shifted to shorter wavelength.