Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu/Cu无铅焊点剪切断裂行为的体积效应

采用直径范围为200—600μm的Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu无铅钎料球在Cu焊盘上制作热风重熔焊点,将重熔焊点在150℃下进行老化,并对重熔和老化焊点进行剪切测试.结果表明:重熔和老化后焊点的剪切强度都随体积的增大而减小,表现出显著的体积效应.SEM断面观察显示:较小体积焊点剪切断裂发生在钎料块体内部,表现出较好韧性;较大体积焊点则发生在近焊盘的界面处,呈现脆性断裂特征.焊盘界面处和钎料内部微观组织SEM观察表明:小体积焊点内部Ag_3Sn化合物以小颗粒状弥散分布,起到强化作用;而大体积焊点内部Ag_3Sn化合物为树枝网状分布,表现出硬脆性.金属间化合物(如Ag_3Sn和Cu_6Sn_5)的形貌和分布对焊点的断裂行为有显著的影响,是焊点剪切断裂行为体积效应的内在原因.     

Characterization of deformation stability of in-situ TiB2/6351 composites during hot compression based on Murty criterion

In situ TiB2 reinforced 6351 Al alloy composites were subjected to compression testing at strain rates and temperatures ranging from 0.001 to 10 s -1 and from 300 to 550℃,respectively,using Gleeble-1500D system.And the associated microstructural transformations and instability phenomena were studied by observations of the optical and transmission electron microscope.The power dissipation efficiency and instability parameter were calculated following the dynamic material model and plotted with the temperatur...     

核级不锈钢和铁素体-马氏体耐热钢在400℃/25 MPa超临界水中的腐蚀行为

利用腐蚀增重法,XRD,Raman光谱和SEM研究了核级304不锈钢和铁素体-马氏体耐热钢P92在400℃/25 MPa超临界水中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,2种材料都以均匀腐蚀为主,增重曲线遵循幂指数规律.304不锈钢的腐蚀增重比P92钢低近一个数量级,其氧化膜很薄,局部存在少量的疖状腐蚀.氧化膜主要由Cr_2O_3,α-Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4和尖晶石结构氧化物组成.P92钢的氧化膜主要由α-Fe_2O_3,Fe_3O_4和尖晶石结构氧化物组成,表层主要含α-Fe_2O_3.延长腐蚀时间.P92钢表面氧化膜在超临界水中溶解,导致氧化膜形貌由致密的多面体颗粒演化为相互连通的多孔网络结构.     

Al_2Sr和Mg2sr相结构稳定性与弹性性能的第一原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的CASTEP和DMOL程序软件包,计算了Mg_(17)Al_(12),Al_2Sr和Mg_2Sr柏的结构稳定性、弹性性能和电子结构.合金形成热和结合能的计算结果显示,Al_2Sr具有最强的合金化形成能力和结构稳定性.Gibbs自由能的计算结果表明,随着温度的升高,Mg_(17)Al_(12),Al_2Sr和Mg_2Sr的结构稳定性发生了变化,在实际工作温度高于423 K以上时,Al_2Sr的结构稳定性最好,Sr合金化Mg-Al基合金形成Al_2Sr有利于提高镁合金的高温抗蠕变性能.体模量(B)、弹性各向异性系数(A)、Young's模量(E)、剪切模量(G)和Poisson比(v)的计算结果表明,Mg2Sr为延性相,而Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Al_2Sr为脆性相,Mg_2Sr的塑性最好.态密度和Mulliken电子占据数的计算结果表明,Al_2Sr结构最稳定的原因主要源于体系存在强烈的共价键作用,而Mg_(17)Al_(12)结构隐定性优于Mg_2Sr是体系中离子键与共价键共同作用的结果.     

水溶性PVA纤维对包装纸增强作用的研究

在高强度包装纸抄造过程中,使用水溶性PVA纤维做增强剂,研究了水溶性PVA纤维的添加量、加入方式、磨浆条件对增强效果的影响.结果表明,添加水溶性PVA纤维后,纸张抗张强度显著提高,裂断长提高幅度为18.8%～45.8%,撕裂指数、耐破指数也有不同程度的改善.研究确定了水溶性PVA纤维的最佳使用条件为:PVA60用量为6%,两段磨浆,程序升温干燥,此时抄片各项强度指标有不同程度的提高,裂断长提高45.8%,撕裂指数提高32.9%,耐破指数提高17.3%.研究表明水溶性PVA纤维是一种有效的纸张增强剂,制备的高强度纸包装材料生物降解性能好,是真正的绿色包装材料.     

Three-dimensional subwavelength components utilizing THz surface plasmons

Since surface plasmons(SPs)are not constrained by the diraction limit,they have important potential applications in the optical,terahertz(THz),and microwave components.In this paper,we firstly present a review of three-dimensional(3D) bidirectional and multi-directional THz SP splitters based on the rectangular metallic groove gratings with finite thickness,in which a metallic wire was used to excite the THz SPs.The experimental verifications of such splitters have been implemented in the microwave frequencies,and the measurement results have excellent agreements to the full-wave simulations.To improve the performance,a 3D bidirectional THz SP splitter with the transverse confinement and a 3D bidirectional bending THz SP splitter are then proposed,which have shown very good splitting performance,compact sizes,and better transverse confinement of EM fields.Finally,a broadband slow-wave system of subwavelength thickness is reviewed and a new bending slow-wave system utilizing THz SPs is proposed.Experiments and simulations in microwave frequencies have good agreements,showing the validity of these components.     

Driving intention recognition and behaviour prediction based on a double-layer hidden Markov model

We propose a model structure with a double-layer hidden Markov model (HMM) to recognise driving intention and predict driving behaviour. The upper-layer multi-dimensional discrete HMM (MDHMM) in the double-layer HMM represents driving intention in a combined working case, constructed according to the driving behaviours in certain single working cases in the lower-layer multi-dimensional Gaussian HMM (MGHMM). The driving behaviours are recognised by manoeuvring the signals of the driver and vehicle state information, and the recognised results are sent to the upper-layer HMM to recognise driving intentions. Also, driving behaviours in the near future are predicted using the likelihood-maximum method. A real-time driving simulator test on the combined working cases showed that the double-layer HMM can recognise driving intention and predict driving behaviour accurately and efficiently. As a result, the model provides the basis for pre-warning and intervention of danger and improving comfort performance.     

Animatronic shader lamps avatars

Applications such as telepresence and training involve the display of real or synthetic humans to multiple viewers. When attempting to render the humans with conventional displays, non-verbal cues such as head pose, gaze direction, body posture, and facial expression are difficult to convey correctly to all viewers. In addition, a framed image of a human conveys only a limited physical sense of presence—primarily through the display’s location. While progress continues on articulated robots that mimic humans, the focus has been on the motion and behavior of the robots rather than on their appearance. We introduce a new approach for robotic avatars of real people: the use of cameras and projectors to capture and map both the dynamic motion and the appearance of a real person onto a humanoid animatronic model. We call these devices animatronic Shader Lamps Avatars (SLA). We present a proof-of-concept prototype comprised of a camera, a tracking system, a digital projector, and a life-sized styrofoam head mounted on a pan-tilt unit. The system captures imagery of a moving, talking user and maps the appearance and motion onto the animatronic SLA, delivering a dynamic, real-time representation of the user to multiple viewers.     

Image-based modeling of inhomogeneous single-scattering participating media

We propose a method to reconstruct inhomogeneous single-scattering participating media, which could preserve fine high-frequency details of density field.Volumetric data and the ratio of absorption coefficient to scattering coefficient are used to describe the spatial-varying density distribution and optical properties of certain participating media, and a function between the above parameters and captured pixel values is built.Thus the problem of how to find solutions to these parameters is formulated into...     

结构上下文:一种新的物体类别描述符

局部描述符(如SIFT)方法能够将图像中关键点的局部表观信息作为图像的特征,具有旋转不变性、尺度变换不变性、仿射不变性等性质,被广泛应用于物体分类、物体识别、图像匹配等领域。但是,它存在一个重要缺陷:只能描述物体的局部特征,忽略了整个物体的构造,而这在表示物体时是非常重要的。设计了一个新的"结构上下文"局部描述符,通过当前关键点和其他关键点间的空间拓扑结构关系描述各个关键点的特征。实验证明这种描述符在描述相同物体种类时特别有效。