Droplet Deformation and 2-D/3-D Marangoni Flow Phenomena in Droplets Levitated by Electric Fields

An integrated numerical model is presented for free surface phenomena and Marangoni fluid flows in electrically levitated droplets under both terrestrial and microgravity conditions. The model development is based on the boundary element solution of the Maxwell equations simplified for electrostatic levitation applications and the free surface deformation that is primarily caused from the surface Maxwell stresses resulting from the applied electric fields. The electric and free surface model is further integrated with a finite element model for the surface-tension-induced fluid flows in the levitated droplets. Both 2-D and 3-D fluid flow structures may be developed in the electrically levitated droplets depending on the applied laser heating sources. The integrated model is applied to study the electric field distribution, free surface deformation, and 2-D and 3-D internal fluid flow structures in normal and microgravity for single, symmetric two-beam, four-beam, and six-beam laser heating arrangements. Among these arrangements, the six-beam arrangement with equal heating intensity gives the smallest temperature difference and the smallest maximum velocity.     

Effects of surface treatment of field emitter arrays on electrical characteristics of active matrix cathode

The effects of a wet chemical surface treatment of molybdenum-tip (Mo-tip) emitters on the electrical characteristics of an active matrix cathode composed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistors and Mo-tip emitters are described. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that the surface treatment removed MoO₃ from the surface of the e-beam evaporated Mo film. In addition, the surface roughness of the Mo film was increased as the result of the surface treatment. The surface-treated active matrix cathode showed stable emission characteristics and immunity from emitter failures during its operation. The response time of the active matrix cathode was decreased by the surface treatment of the Mo-tip emitters. A change in surface composition and surface roughness appear to be responsible for the enhancement of the active matrix cathode.     

Internal oxidation of dilute Cu–Al alloy powers with oxidant of Cu2O

The mechanisms responsible for the nucleation, growth and coarsening of Al₂O₃ particles in dilute Cu–Al alloys during internal oxidation have been investigated, and the alumina morphologies produced have been studied by electron microscopy using two-stage preshadowed carbon replica method. The alumina particle size has been observed to increase with increasing temperature of oxidation, with increasing time of oxidation, and with decreasing oxygen resource coefficient over the experimental range. These results indicate that the alumina particle size is determined by a competition between the rate of nucleation as the internal oxidation front passes and the subsequent growth and coarsening rates of the particles.     

Modeling Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Signals from a Flat-Bottom Hole in Immersion Testing Using a Multi-Gaussian Beam

This paper proposes an ultrasonic measurement model that can predict the pulse-echo signals from a flat-bottom hole in an isotropic, homogeneous solid specimen immersed in water in a computationally efficient manner. To develop such a model, a measurement model approach is adopted based on two important assumptions: the paraxial approximation for the transducer beam and the small flaw assumption for the flat-bottom hole. The modular model that results from these two assumptions contains three terms: a diffraction correction term, a far-field scattering amplitude term and a system efficiency factor term. The diffraction correction is defined based on a multi-Gaussian beam model which allows the rapid evaluation of the wave field incident on the hole. The far-field scattering amplitude of the flat-bottom hole is obtained using the Kirchhoff approximation together with the small flaw assumption. The system efficiency factor is determined by deconvolution of an experimental front surface reflection signal by a reference reflector model. Here, the contribution of each of these three terms to the overall measurement model are described in detail and the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the comparison of the model-based predictions to experiments.     

装甲车舱室内有害气体浓度吸收光谱法测量

多数装甲自行武器车体舱室内的武器弹药在运输、储存和使用过程中会产生许多有毒有害气体,需要对其进行检测.介绍了吸收光谱法测量车体内有害气体的基本原理,研制了能同时测量二氧化硫等多种气体的装置,建立了对多种被测气体浓度同时进行反演的数据处理方法.该方法能现场实时测量车体内中有毒有害气体的浓度,不需要采样.测试仪器操作简单、工作稳定.     

500kV H-GIS的应用

本文结合广东境内近期建设的几座500kV变电站,介绍日本三菱公司生产的500kV H-GIS的结构和技术特 点,以及运输、安装、试验的情况。     

Effects of Lanthanum on Root Growth and Senescence of GF43 （ Prunus domestica ） Plantlet in Vitro

The effect and the action mechanism of lanthanum on GF43 plantlet in vitro were studied. The results of experiments show that root growth rate and dry weight of GF43 by LaCI3 treatments increase. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in root system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) apparently enhance. Moreover O^-2 and malond ialdehyde (MDA) contents and cell membrane permeability of GF43 are decreased by LaC13. The relatively stable membrane structure of cell could also be maintained and the root ageing of GF43 plantlet in vitro delays.     

新型气体涡街流量变送器设计

设计了一种新型气体涡街流量变送器以简化测量系统结构,改善测量性能。变送器由信号测量单元与信号处理单元组成,测量单元同时对漩涡频率、被测气体温度和压力进行检测,信号处理单元以单片机为核心,通过软件对流量测量信号进行温度、压力补偿和非线性修正等处理以减少测量误差。实验测试结果表明:变送器性能指标达到了设计要求。     

可编程自动化控制器(PAC)--新一代的PLC

本文介绍了新一代的可编程自动化控制器(PACs)的概念、产生背景及现状，分析了其构成方式、技术优势，最后阐述了其应用前景及发展趋势。