25 years Fraunhofer IST — Coatings for our future The Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST was founded in Hamburg 25 years ago, it moved to Braunschweig in 1994. Starting with a small group of researchers around Dr. Heinz Dimigen, the IST developed to a service center for problem solutions around the surface. Remarkable research results have been gained in the field of diamond‐like carbon coatings for tribological applications, for large area deposition of polycrystalline diamond, for transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), the metallization of carbonfiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) and in precision optics. Emerging topics are surfaces for bio and medicine technology as well as plasma medicine. 相似文献
Advanced breast cancer frequently metastasizes to bone through a multistep process involving the detachment of cells from the primary tumor, their intravasation into the bloodstream, adhesion to the endothelium and extravasation into the bone, culminating with the establishment of a vicious cycle causing extensive bone lysis. In recent years, the crosstalk between tumor cells and secondary organs microenvironment is gaining much attention, being indicated as a crucial aspect in all metastatic steps. To investigate the complex interrelation between the tumor and the microenvironment, both in vitro and in vivo models have been exploited. In vitro models have some advantages over in vivo, mainly the possibility to thoroughly dissect in controlled conditions and with only human cells the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the metastatic progression. In this article we will review the main results deriving from in vitro co-culture models, describing mechanisms activated in the crosstalk between breast cancer and bone cells which drive the different metastatic steps. 相似文献
Historically, the Multimedia community research has focused on output modalities, through studies on timing and multimedia processing. The Multimodal Interaction community, on the other hand, has focused on user-generated modalities, through studies on Multimodal User Interfaces (MUI). In this paper, aiming to assist the development of multimedia applications with MUIs, we propose the integration of concepts from those two communities in a unique high-level programming framework. The framework integrates user modalities —both user-generated (e.g., speech, gestures) and user-consumed (e.g., audiovisual, haptic)— in declarative programming languages for the specification of interactive multimedia applications. To illustrate our approach, we instantiate the framework in the NCL (Nested Context Language) multimedia language. NCL is the declarative language for developing interactive applications for Brazilian Digital TV and an ITU-T Recommendation for IPTV services. To help evaluate our approach, we discuss a usage scenario and implement it as an NCL application extended with the proposed multimodal features. Also, we compare the expressiveness of the multimodal NCL against existing multimedia and multimodal languages, for both input and output modalities.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Experiments and computer simulations can complement one another to provide a full and in-depth understanding of many aspects in the amyloid field at the atomistic level. Here, we review results of our coarse-grained and all-atom simulations in aqueous solution aimed at determining: 1) early aggregation steps of short linear peptides; 2) nucleation size number; 3) solution structure of the Aβ1–40/Aβ1–42 wild-type dimers; 4) impact of FAD (familial forms of Alzheimer's disease) mutations on the structure of Aβ1–40/Aβ1–42 dimers; and 5) impact of protective mutations on the structure of Aβ1–40/Aβ1–42 dimers. 相似文献
Vitamin E and γ-oryzanol display a wide range of biological activities including hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Although white rice is far more popular worldwide, consumption of brown rice is increasing, partially on account of the presence of bioactive compounds; however, the effects of parboiling, storage and cooking on them are not well-characterized. The effects of parboiling and a 6-month storage period on the contents of vitamin E and γ-oryzanol in three brown rice cultivars grown in three different locations in Brazil were investigated. Also, their levels in branded non-parboiled and parboiled brown rice were monitored before and after cooking. Vitamin E homologues and γ-oryzanol were separated by RP-HPLC equipped with PDA and fluorescence detectors. The average levels of total tocols and γ-oryzanol in the raw brown rice cultivars studied were 25 and 188 mg/kg, respectively. Of the vitamin E homologues, γ-tocotrienol contributed with 74% of total tocols, followed by α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and γ-tocopherol in minor quantities. The combined processes, parboiling, storage and cooking, led to an approximate 90% reduction in tocols and only γ-tocotrienol was detectable after any of the processes. Parboiling followed by storage resulted in an approximate 40% loss of γ-oryzanol. Cooking had almost no further effect over γ-oryzanol levels in parboiled rice previously stored for 6 months. 相似文献