MC180295 Inhibited Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma Cell Growth by Suppressing DNA Repair and the Cell Cycle

DNA methylation of both viral and host DNA is one of the major mechanisms involved in the development of Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC); thus, epigenetic treatment using demethylating agents would seem to be promising. We have verified the effect of {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295, which was discovered by screening for demethylating agents. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 inhibited cell growth of the EBVaGC cell lines YCCEL1 and SNU719 in a dose-dependent manner. In a cell cycle analysis, growth arrest and apoptosis were observed in both YCCEL1 and SNU719 cells treated with {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295. MKN28 cells infected with EBV were sensitive to {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 and showed more significant inhibition of cell growth compared to controls without EBV infection. Serial analysis of gene expression analysis showed the expression of genes belonging to the role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response and cell cycle control chromosomal replication to be significantly reduced after {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 treatment. We confirmed with quantitative PCR that the expression levels of BRCA2, FANCM, RAD51, TOP2A, and CDC45 were significantly decreased by {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295. LMP1 and BZLF1 are EBV genes with expression that is epigenetically regulated, and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 could up-regulate their expression. In conclusion, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"MC180295","term_id":"1885105835","term_text":"MC180295"}}MC180295 inhibited the growth of EBVaGC cells by suppressing DNA repair and the cell cycle.     

Prediction method of critical power by film flow rate measurement and subchannel analysis

This paper presents a method that can estimate the critical power of boiling water reactors, BWRs, with regard to spacer geometry. The current experimental method for estimating the critical power for BWR design requires many trained experts and expensive facilities to conduct the experiments. In the present method, the liquid film flow rate of adiabatic gas‐liquid two‐phase flow and a subchannel analysis of the actual BWR flow condition are measured experimentally and analyzed. In the experiment, deposition enhancement coefficients of three spacer geometries—a ferrule, an egg‐crate, and a ferrule spacer with twisted tape (CYCLONE spacer)—were estimated by measuring the liquid film flow rate of air‐water two‐phase flow flowing up in a vertical square (4 × 4) rod bundle that simulated the rod bundle of a BWR. Using these coefficients, the critical powers for bundles using each type of spacer geometry were calculated in the subchannel analysis. This method was validated using previous critical power data in the actual BWR flow condition. The critical powers predicted by this method agreed well with those of the experimental data. The result confirmed the effectiveness of this experiment‐simulation combined method, as well as the advantage over current experimental methods in terms of human and facility costs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(5): 309–323, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20069     

Perpendicular oriented cylinders via directional coalescence of spheres embedded in block copolymer films induced by solvent annealing

Polystyrene-b-poly(methyl acrylate) (PS-b-PMA) block copolymer with PS volume fraction of 25.2 vol% was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Non-pretreated silicon wafers were used as the substrates to prepare perpendicular oriented PS cylinders in PMA matrix via solvent annealing which could induce the transformation of spheres to vertically oriented and hexagonally packed cylinders. The spherical microdomains were formed after the evaporation of solvents from the solutions of the block copolymer in selective solvents mixed from methanol, acetone and dichloromethane. The thickness of films could be as thick as 1000 nm, which were much thicker than usual cases and the cylinders came from the directional coalescence of the spheres, thus any pre-treatments of the substrates were not required for perpendicular orientation. The structures were characterized by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atom force microscopy (AFM) and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS).     

LC GRIN lens mode with wide viewing angle for rotatable 2D/3D tablet

To widen the vertical and horizontal angular ranges where the lens performs well, the off‐axis performance of a liquid crystal gradient index (LC GRIN) lens is analyzed by the combined simulation system of an LC director simulator and a ray‐tracing simulator. We found that the angular difference between an LC alignment direction and an electrode array direction of the LC GRIN lens is one of significant parameters, and detailed conditions of structure are established. The measurement result shows that the developed structure reduces the degradation ratio in a luminance profile from 61% to 3.2%. We have applied a user tracking system for the rotatable 3D display, equipped with a detection of a panel orientation and a face position. As a result, we have developed a rotatable 2D/3D tablet whose 3D viewing azimuth angle is over 30° in both landscape and portrait orientations.     

Effectiveness of Some Natural Antimicrobial Compounds in Controlling Pathogen or Spoilage Bacteria in Lightly Fermented Chinese Cabbage

ABSTRACT: This study was designed to evaluate the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of chitosan, an allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) product, and nisin for the artificially inoculated pathogenic bacteria ( Escherichia coli , Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus , and Listeria monocytogenes ) or natural microflora of fermented Chinese cabbage. Addition of 0.1% chitosan decreased the population of pathogens from 0.7 to 1.7 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g after 4 d of storage at 10 °C. The bactericidal activity of chitosan was found to be stronger than that of nisin (0.05 mg/g). Addition of 0.2% of the AIT product (containing AIT and hop extract) exhibited a bacteriostatic effect. However, a combination of AIT product and chitosan enhanced bactericidal efficacy against L. monocytogenes . The addition of chitosan or AIT product was observed to suppress the populations of mesophilic and coliform bacteria during storage at 10 °C for 4 d. Moreover, the use of chitosan or the AIT product did not change the sensory quality of the lightly fermented vegetable. Therefore, these results suggest that chitosan or the AIT product could be useful to improve the microbial safety and quality of lightly fermented vegetable.     

A power flow tracing method focused on reactive power and SC

“Tracing the power flow of electricity” is a concept that has become the focus of attention recently, as the deregulation or the liberalization of the electric power market proceeds. Although a number of methods, such as “tracing method by power flow contribution,” have already been published, reactive power contribution has been little studied to date. However, applying “tracing the power flow of electricity” to ancillary service, for example compensation of reactive power, is very important. In this paper, we focus on line flows and static capacitors in particular, and study how to deal with the problem. We perform a computer simulation using a simple system and show the tracing results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(1): 33–43, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20118     

Removal of lignin in a liquid system by an isolated fungus

The screening of a strain which could perform lignin removal was carried out. Based on taxonomic study the isolated strain (LM‐2) was identified as Penicillium sp. LM‐2 could decolorize 0.6 g dm^?3 lignin within 4 days in a shaking culture at 25 °C. The efficiency of decolorization of the lignin was over 80% in the pH range of 4.0–6.0, but was low above pH 6.2. The rise of temperature had a slight adverse effect on the lignin decolorization in the range of 25–35 °C. Lignolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and laccase were not detected in the culture broth or within the fungal cells. The lignin was removed from the high molecular weight fraction mainly by adsorption and accumulation inside the cells. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Small-angle X-ray scattering of long-period structures forming bundles

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns have been calculated based on a structure model, which consisted of the bundles of long-period structures. The proposed model has produced various scattering patterns of polymers, such as the equatorial, layer line, four-spot, droplet-shaped and triangular scattering. The 0.5th order scattering has arisen when the disorder in or between the long-period structures was large even though the structure did not have the periodicity directly related to the scattering maximum. A slight decrease in the disorder due to slip between the long-period structures has accounted for the sudden change of the SAXS pattern of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber from the four-spot to the layer line scattering which was caused by a slight tensile deformation.