齿轮传动的CAD软件

在机械传动装置中,广泛地应用着齿轮传动。外啮合圆柱齿轮、内啮合圆柱齿轮、圆维齿轮和蜗轮蜗杆传动是齿轮传动的基本形式。我们在长期工作研究的基础上,建立了一套CAD软件。该软件可自动进行以上四种传动形式的优化设计,可通过人机交互完成齿轮的结构设计,用有限元分析计算齿轮的强度,并可在绘图机上绘制齿轮的工作图。该软件适用性强、使用方便,经过简单的修改便可用于其它机械产品的CAD。     

Modeling Default Data Via an Interactive Hidden Markov Model

In this paper, we first introduce the use of an interactive hidden Markov model (IHMM) for modeling and analyzing default data in a sector. Under the IHMM, transitions of the hidden risk states of the sector depend on the observed number of bonds in the sector that default in the current time period. This incorporates the feedback effect of the number of defaults on the transitions of the hidden risk states. This feature seems to be more realistic and does not enjoy by the traditional HMMs. We then develop a “dynamic” version of the binomial expansion technique (BET) modulated by the IHMM for modeling the occurrence of defaults of bonds issued by firms in the same sector. Under the BET modulated by the IHMM, the number of bonds defaulting in each time period follows a Markov-modulated binomial distribution with the probability of defaulting of each bond depending on the states of the IHMM, which represent the hidden risk states of the sector. Efficient method will be presented for estimating the model parameters in the BET modulated by the IHMM. We shall compare the hidden risk state process extracted from the IHMM-modulated BET with that extracted from the BET modulated by HMM in order to illustrate the significance of the feedback effect using real data. We shall also present the estimation results for the BET modulated by the IHMM and compare them with those for the BET modulated by the HMM.     

Survival of Lactobacillus casei (LC-1) adhered to prebiotic vegetal fibers

This study evaluated the survival of Lactobacillus casei (LC-1) when adhered to four different dehydrated prebiotic fibers. After vacuum drying in oat bran with 9% β-glucan and green banana flour, LC-1 viability was 79% and 76%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed no morphological changes in the cells adhered to these fibers, and the addition of trehalose as a cell protectant had a positive and significant effect on the survival of LC-1. At different storage temperatures, oat bran had the highest stability as well as in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, where LC-1 that adhered to the oat bran had greater viability (7.1 log CFU g^? 1) than in the free form (2.4 log CFU g^? 1). In the sensory evaluation, the probiotic oat bran added to a dairy fruit beverage was well accepted by consumers.Industrial relevanceThe diversification of food products and the growing interest in health life requires from food industry innovations and new products for this. Probiotic cultures into non-dairy products is still an innovation and a challenge to the functional food segment. The development of an oat bran with LC-1 adhered is important for the functional food industries because the probiotic can be viable during dehydration and storage at room temperature. In addition the LC-1 is protected under simulated gastrointestinal conditions without compromising sensory acceptability.     

Food processing by high hydrostatic pressure

The use of high hydrostatic pressures (HHP) for food processing is finding increased application within the food industry. One of the advantages of this technology is that because it does not use heat, sensory, and nutritional attributes of the product remain virtually unaffected, thus yielding products with better quality than those processed traditional methods. HHP have the ability to inactivate microorganisms as well as enzymes responsible for shortening the life of a product. In addition to lengthening the shelf-life of food products, HHP can modify functional properties of components such as proteins, which in turn can lead to the development of new products. Equipment for large-scale production of HHP processed products are commercially available nowadays. Guacamole, sliced ham, oysters, and fruit juices are some of the products currently available on the market. HHP technology is one of the most promising nonthermal processes.     

多层前向神经网络的自适应禁忌搜索训练

针对BP算法属于局部优化算法的不足,提出了一种新的全局优化算法——自适应禁忌搜索作为前向神经网络的训练算法。该算法通过邻域和候选集的相互配合,动态地调整候选集中分别用于集中性搜索与多样性搜索的元素个数,提高了算法运行的质量和效率。以经典的异或问题(XOR)为例,进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,该算法与BP算法相比明显提高了网络的收敛概率和收敛精度。     

SMP超结点机群系统的仿真分析

通过网络将独立的计算机结点连接起来协同工作 ,机群系统已经成为实现超级计算的一个重要手段 .随着计算机制造工艺的发展 ,处理器的运算能力得到迅速提高 ,使得网络性能成为机群系统的瓶颈问题 .因此 ,采用高频宽网络 ,减少通信开销是发展机群系统的首要任务 .采用交换式网络及用户层消息传递机制是提高网络性能的有效手段 .通过建立仿真模型 ,我们对机群系统进行模拟 ,定量分析了交换网络及用户层消息传递对其性能的影响 .本文介绍了交换式机群系统和用户层消息传递的原理及其仿真结构 .本文还描述了对机群系统的仿真测试 ,并对实验结果进行分析     

基于机群系统的大规模并行搜索算法--大型离散偏微分方程组快速求解

大量的科学与工程应用中,会经常遇到复杂偏微分方程组的求解问题,这些偏微分方程组一般无法得到分析解,实际采用的是将其离散后通过数值逼近方法来求得近似解.为了得到较高的求解精度,需要将离散网格划分得足够细,但是这样就成倍地增加了计算量,许多问题就是因为计算量过大而无法求解或不得不降低精度求解.本文在机群计算平台上,针对机群计算的特点,提出了一种大规模并行搜索算法,这种算法由于可以充分发挥各个结点的计算能力,有效降低结点之间的通信,因而具有很高的效率.文中对这一算法进行了详细描述.该算法已经成功地用于压力铸造过程的流场模拟计算之中,可以有效地解决一大类大型离散偏微分方程组的求解问题.对于同样规模的一个实际问题,并行算法的求解时间相对于串行算法,从3到4天下降到3个小时,取得了很好的并行加速.     

基于自适应参数高阶偏微分方程的图像平滑

为消除经典P-M方法在图像平滑时引起的"阶梯"效应,提出了基于自适应参数的高阶偏微分方程图像平滑方法,并且利用Mean Shift的核密度估计方法来确定各点阈值参数.与固定阈值参数的各向异性扩散方法相比,该方法有效地保持了图像的边缘等重要信息,能够更大程度地抑制孤立噪声,从而得到更高的PSNR值和更好的视觉效果.     

中国居民水产品中四种常见重金属暴露评估

目的评估中国居民水产品中铅、镉、汞、砷四种重金属的暴露水平和健康风险。方法利用2013—2017年水产品中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量监测数据和相应食物消费量数据,采用简单分布评估方法,计算中国居民水产品中四种重金属的摄入情况,依据相应健康指导值或基准剂量评估其潜在危险。结果各性别-年龄组人群镉、甲基汞的暴露量均低于其相应健康指导值,但除66岁以上女性组镉平均暴露量外,平均暴露量均在相应健康指导值的5%以上,高端暴露量(P95)超过健康指导值的20%。各人群铅、无机砷的暴露限值(MOE)均高于1。2～6岁性别-年龄组除无机砷外,另三种重金属平均暴露量和P95在各性别-年龄组中均最高。水产品中四种重金属贡献率最高的为海蟹和鱼类。结论中国居民通过水产品的铅、镉、汞、砷暴露量总体上低于相应的健康指导值或基准剂量,但达到通过制定限量标准进行管理的水平。鱼类和海蟹是对四种重金属暴露贡献率最高的水产品,高消费人群的重金属暴露需要加以关注,建议进一步开展重金属的累积暴露评估研究,明确水产品中重金属的累积暴露风险。     

Formation and Accumulation of Intragranular Pores in the Hydrothermally Synthesized Barium Titanate Nanoparticles

As highly integrated circuits are demanded for high‐performance electric devices, small sizes of barium titanate (BaTiO₃) as a dielectric material are desirable for the application of multilayer ceramic capacitors. Since the small sizes of the particles degrade the dielectric property, especially below a certain critical size, understanding the probable cause is significant for the high‐performance capacitors. Here, we have demonstrated nanosized BaTiO₃ with average size below 30 nm and a uniform size distribution. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the as‐synthesized BaTiO₃ contains intragranular pores. We have analyzed the correlation between the intragranular pores inside nanoparticles and their phase ratio of cubic and tetragonal. We have found that the presence of the intragranular pores affects low tetragonality of BaTiO₃ particles, and the intragranular pores are generated by the accumulation of hydroxyl groups during hydrothermal reaction. Formation and accumulation of intragranular pores have been investigated by ex‐situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and TEM analysis, suggesting the phase evolution model of nanosized BaTiO₃.