Volatile monocarbonyl compounds of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) at various stages of ripeness

Summary Volatile carbonyl compounds of arctic brambles at various stages of ripeness were analyzed as their 2,4-DNPH's by a combined TLC-GLC-MS method. Twenty-one different carbonyl compounds could be identified. During the ripening process the content of most carbonyl compounds increased, the largest changes occuring in the amounts of acetaldehyde, pentenal, acetone, acetonn and diacetyl but the content of hexenal decreased.

---

Zusammenfassung Die leichtflüchtigen Carbonylverbindungen der Brombeere wurden in verschiedenen Stufen der Reife als 2,4-DNPH mit der kombinierten DC-GC-MS-Methode analysiert. 21 verschiedene Carbonylverbindungen wurden entdeckt. Während des Reifens vermehrte sich die Quantität der meisten Carbonylverbindungen; die größten Veränderungen geschahen in der Menge des Acetaldehyds, Pentenals, Acetons, Acetons und Diacetyls. Der Gehalt an Hexenal verminderte sich.

     

Electrocardiographic patterns in hypertensive patients without atherosclerotic coronary disease. Influence of the left ventricular mass

BACKGROUND: ECG ST-T segment abnormalities in hypertensive patients are traditionally associated with hypertrophy or ischaemia. Hypertensive patients with abnormalities in ST-T segment in DI, aVL and/or V5-V6 underwent an echocardiographic study in order to assess left ventricular structure. All of them, in addition to the electric changes, showed typical or non-typical thoracic discomfort, showing a normal coronariographic study. METHODS: Hypertensive patients with ST-T segment changes were classified as follows: group A, 12 patients (8 women, 4 men, mean age 63.6 +/- 7.2 years) with ECG image of left ventricular overload pattern; group B, 9 patients (3 men, 6 women, mean age 62.3 +/- 6.3 years) with flat ST segment depression; and group C, 10 patients (3 men, 7 women, mean age 62.4 +/- 9.7 years) without changes on the ST-T segment with flat or negative T wave. Control group is made up 12 hypertensive patients (7 women, 5 men, mean age 61.6 +/- 7.6 years) with normal ECG. We assess by echocardiography interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT) in mm, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (DTD) in mm, left ventricular mass (LVM) in grs, and the mass index (MI) in g/m2. RESULTS: IVST, PWT, LVM and MI were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the groups A, B and C than in the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the A, B and C groups. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the only parameter with independent value for discriminating between control, group and group ABC (the union of groups A, B and C) was IVST. CONCLUSION: In hypertensive patients without coronariopathy, ST-T changes identify a group with greater left ventricular mass. The different electrocardiographic patterns considered were not associated with a significantly different left ventricular mass.     

Fatty acids of long chain length in baltic herring lipids

The component fatty acids with carbon numbers exceeding 22 in flesh lipids of Baltic herring caught in May and September 1967 in the Turku archipelago have been studied. The total lipid content of the flesh of the herring was 3.5% on average in May and 7.2% on average in September. The fatty acids in the lipids were converted to methyl esters which were resolved and analyzed by urea adduct fractionation, thin layer chromatography and programmed temperature gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The lipids of the herring caught in May were found to contain 15 fatty acids with 24–32 carbon atoms, whereas the lipids of the herring caught in September were found to contain only nine fatty acids with 24–28 carbon atoms. The differences are probably due to nutritional factors. The long chain fatty acids in the lipids of the herring caught in September were isolated by preparative GLC and their structures were studied by UV spectroscopy before and after alkali isomerization, by IR spectroscopy and by GLC of their ozonization products. The identified acids were tetracosanoic, 15-tetracosenoic, 12,15,18,21-tetracosatetraenoic, 9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic, 17-hexacosenoic, 11,14,17,20,23-hexacosapentaenoic, 8,11,14,17,20,23-hexacosahexaenoic and 4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octacosaheptaenoic acids. The proportion of the fatty acids containing over 22 carbon atoms in the lipids of fall herring is much higher than has been found earlier in the lipids of marine teleost fish; the reason may be due at least partly to differences in analytical methods.