一种改进的并行蝙蝠算法

针对蝙蝠算法存在易陷入局部最优、后期收敛速度慢及收敛精度低等问题,提出一种改进的并行蝙蝠算法(IPBA).设计一种基于免疫浓度的混沌初始化,选择出适应度高、浓度低的个体组成更高质量的初始群体;引入并行策略,将种群分为探索与开发两个子群体,采用不同的惯性权重和停滞变异策略分别进化,可有效防止早熟,并加快算法收敛速度.此外...     

Signal separation technology for diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator

The structure and principle of a new type of a diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator is introduced. A bridge analysis model based on variable inductance is established. Dynamic balance separation technology for the giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator comes true by the least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm. The scheme design of one important part of the circuit with the real-time separation circuit of the dynamic balance signal based on a digital signal processor is obtained. The part of the signal separated circuit is designed, which includes logarithmicantilog practical multiplication circuit, amplifying circuit, filter circuits, and amplifier circuit. Based on the embedded system simulation software—PROTUES, the simulation effect of the circuit that separates the sensing signal from the mixed signals is obvious, which indicates that the circuit can rapidly and stably work. Moreover, the structure is simple, reliable, and meets the practical requirement.     

Energy transfer process and temperature-dependent photoluminescence of PbS quantum dot-doped glasses

PbS quantum dot (QD)-doped glasses were fabricated through melt-quenching method. After heat treatment schedule, uniform QDs were precipitated in the glasses and near-infrared emission covering 900-1700 nm was obtained under excitation. From photoluminescence (PL) spectra and lifetime decay curves, the whole emission band of QD-doped glasses consisted of emission from the 1S-1S state and the trap state. While using excitation with higher energy, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of QD-doped glasses broadened because smaller QDs were excited. Energy transfer process among QDs was revealed by measuring the lifetime of different emission bands in PL spectrum and the energy transferred from smaller QDs with broader bandgap to bigger QDs with narrow bandgap. Temperature-dependent PL and the corresponding lifetime decay curves of PbS QD-doped glasses were analyzed. Temperature-dependent bandgap structure of PbS QDs was obtained by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results here give deep insight into optical properties of PbS QD-doped glasses and it is beneficial to design and develop high-performance QD-based optoelectronic devices in theory.     

卫星雷达测高水位数据产品在中国区河流的监测精度评价

河流水位监测对于淡水资源供应、灾害预防至关重要,同时关系到气候变化及其对水循环影响的理解和应对。随着卫星遥感技术的发展,基于卫星平台的河流水位观测提供了一种新型的自动化、长时序、低成本的河流监测方案。对于卫星雷达河流观测数据的原理、特征和精度的把握是产品应用的首要条件。研究总结了目前国际上3种主要的卫星雷达河流观测数据集Hydroweb、DAHITI、GRRATS及主要卫星传感器的特征和现状,并结合我国境内32个水位站实测数据（2008～2018）开展了精度验证及分析。验证结果表明：Hydroweb数据集整体精度（RMSE平均0.70 m）高于DAHITI(RMSE平均1.29 m)与GRRATS(RMSE平均3.21 m)。Hydroweb数据集大量使用Sentinle-3卫星观测数据,Sentinel-3卫星水位观测精度（RMSE平均为0.51 m）显著高于Envisat(RMSE平均为3.34 m)与Jason卫星（Hydroweb与GRRATS的Jason卫星RMSE平均分别为1.69 m与2.96 m）。3个数据集均应用了Jason卫星,3个数据集基于Jason卫星均在个别站...     

Negative synergism of crosslinking agent and antioxidant in polyethylene

The melt flow index and oxidation induction period of low-density polyethylene crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the presence of tetrakis (methylene β-3, 5-di-butyl-4-hydroxypheny1)-propionate methane (Antioxidant 1010) were determined. The results suggest that there is a negative synergism between this crosslinking agent and antioxindant. Part of the antioxidant terminated the chain propagation by trapping radicals, and thus reduced the efficiency of crosslinking. The antioxidant efficiency was also reduced owing to meaningless consumption.     

Bioactive dietary polyphenols inhibit heme iron absorption in a dose-dependent manner in human intestinal Caco-2 cells

Abstract: Although heme iron is an important form of dietary iron, its intestinal absorption mechanism remains elusive. Our previous study revealed that (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and grape seed extract (GSE) markedly inhibited intestinal heme iron absorption by reducing the basolateral iron export in Caco‐2 cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether small amounts of EGCG, GSE, and green tea extract (GT) could inhibit heme iron absorption, and to test whether the inhibitory action of polyphenols could be offset by ascorbic acid. A heme‐⁵⁵Fe absorption study was conducted by adding various concentrations of EGCG, GSE, and GT to Caco‐2 cells in the absence and presence of ascorbic acid. Polyphenolic compounds significantly inhibited heme‐⁵⁵Fe absorption in a dose‐dependent manner. The addition of ascorbic acid did not modulate the inhibitory effect of dietary polyphenols on heme iron absorption when the cells were treated with polyphenols at a concentration of 46 mg/L. However, ascorbic acid was able to offset or reverse the inhibitory effects of polyphenolic compounds when lower concentrations of polyphenols were added (≤ 4.6 mg/L). Ascorbic acid modulated the heme iron absorption without changing the apical heme uptake, the expression of the proteins involved in heme metabolism and basolateral iron transport, and heme oxygenase activity, indicating that ascorbic acid may enhance heme iron absorption by modulating the intracellular distribution of ⁵⁵Fe. These results imply that the regular consumption of dietary ascorbic acid can easily counteract the inhibitory effects of low concentrations of dietary polyphenols on heme iron absorption but cannot counteract the inhibitory actions of high concentrations of polyphenols. Practical Application: Bioactive dietary polyphenols inhibit heme iron absorption in a dose‐dependent manner. The small amounts of polyphenolic compounds present in foods are capable of reducing heme iron transport across the intestinal enterocyte. However, the inhibitory effects of dietary polyphenolic compounds on heme iron absorption can be offset by ascorbic acid and can possibly be avoided by decreasing the consumption of polyphenols while simultaneously taking ascorbic acid.     

奇迹城市

以国家为概念的当今世界,已经不能有效的解决我们人类所面临环境、生态、能源问题。哥本哈根世界气候大会所达成的微量共识就是最好的佐证。在新的组织框架还未形成的背景下,通过单一"设计"的本身来考量未来城市形态,特别是中国这样的人口大国,是我们设计思想的"源"之所在。     

Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate particles with different acrylonitrile contents for improving the toughness of poly(vinyl chloride) resin

Poly(butyl acrylate) grafted styrene and acrylonitrile copolymer (PBA-g-SAN, ASA) with core–shell structures were prepared by emulsion polymerization technology to improve the toughness of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The mechanical properties of the PVC/ASA blends were investigated. The notch impact strength of the PVC/ASA blend could reach 1200 J/m when the 13 phr ASA was added to the PVC. This was several times more than pure PVC resin. Scanning electron microscopy analysis results indicated that the improvement in impact strength of the PVC/ASA blend was attributed to shear yielding induced by ASA particles. Additionally, subtle changes in the ratio of monomers in the shell layer led to significant fluctuations in the mechanical properties of the composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the intermolecular interaction forces between ASA particles and PVC resins played a key role in improving the toughness of PVC/ASA blend.     

Preparation of CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanocomposite aerogels as catalyst carriers and their application in the synthesis of diphenyl carbonate

CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels were prepared by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as Si source, and aqueous solution of Cu, Co and Mn acetates as transition metal sources via sol-gel process and supercritical drying (SCD) technique. The effect of synthesis conditions on gelation was investigated. Moreover, the composition of the CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels was characterized by electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the specific surface area of the nanocomposite aerogels was determined by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as the product was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The experimental results show that the range of optimal temperature for gelation is 30-45 ℃, and the pH is 3.0-4.5. CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels are porous with a specific surface area of 384.9-700.6 m2/g. Compared to CO2 SCD, ethanol SCD is even favorable to the formation of aerogel with high specific surface area. The transition metals content in the nanocomposite aerogels can be controlled to be 0.71at%-13.77at%. With CuO-CoO-MnO/SiO2 nanocomposite aerogels as catalyst carrier, the yield of DPC is in direct proportion to the atomic fraction of transition metals in the nanocomposite aerogels, and it is up to 26.31 mass%, which is much higher than that via other porous carriers.     

化学催化法脱除模拟地下水中硝酸盐氮

利用化学催化对氮污染地下水进行修复, 研究了化学催化载体-自制活性催化固体颗粒载体在停留时间(HRT)、pH、进水水质不同的条件下脱氮效能及脱氮机理, 建立了脱氮反应动力学模型, 提出了化学催化载体脱除地下水中硝酸盐氮的反应为三级反应, 且水中氨氮初始浓度对硝酸盐氮的还原有抑制作用。试验结果表明:当HRT为2 h, 在酸性、中性和碱性条件下, 硝酸盐氮去除率均可达到90%左右;与一般铁碳微电解和零价铁脱氮相比, 反应更为迅速, 且不需调节pH。