Druckbeanspruchte Winkelprofile mit Ein‐Schrauben‐Anschluß – Bemessung nach den Normen DIN 18800‐2 und EC 1993‐3‐1 (Türme und Maste)

Dimensioning of pressed angle steel with one screw joint based on the standards DIN 18800 vol. 2 and EC 1993‐3‐1 (towers and masts). There are different kinds of methods for the structural analysis of the stability of angle steel in mast constructions in DIN 18800 vol. 2 and Eurocode 1993‐3‐1. It depends on the kind of joint with one or two screws. The calculated loading capacities for a one screw joint based on Eurocode are significant higher than the results based on DIN . Comparing calculating with the Finite Element Method as well as experiments with equal‐leg angles show the simplified method of the EC 1993‐3‐1 for the one screw joint in the existing form is not wise to be used in practice.     

全自动物料流成就高质量产品

"自冰河时代以来从未受到影响"这不是一个产品营销的广告用语,这是当前冰河时代的真实反应,当时有大量的水融入了施瓦本地区的山岩之中.由于这里的地壳运动很少,因此这个深度大约400 m的"山脉水库"几乎与世隔绝.     

Lectin from Triticum vulgaris (WGA) Inhibits Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants of Concern Alpha and Beta

Even in the face of global vaccination campaigns, there is still an urgent need for effective antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and its rapidly spreading variants. Several natural compounds show potential as antiviral substances and have the advantages of broad availabilities and large therapeutic windows. Here, we report that lectin from Triticum vulgaris (Wheat Germ Agglutinin) displays antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and its major Variants of Concern (VoC), Alpha and Beta. In Vero B4 cells, WGA potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection with an IC₅₀ of <10 ng/mL. WGA is effective upon preincubation with the virus or when added during infection. Pull-down assays demonstrate direct binding of WGA to SARS-CoV-2, further strengthening the hypothesis that inhibition of viral entry by neutralizing free virions might be the mode of action behind its antiviral effect. Furthermore, WGA exhibits antiviral activity against human coronavirus OC43, but not against other non-coronaviruses causing respiratory tract infections. Finally, WGA inhibits infection of the lung cell line Calu-3 with wild type and VoC viruses with comparable IC₅₀ values. Altogether, our data indicate that topical administration of WGA might be effective for prophylaxis or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections.     

Monocular deprivation alters the direction of functional and morphological asymmetries in the pigeon's (Columba livia) visual system.

One-day-old pigeons (Columba livia) were monocularly deprived by occluding the left or the right eye for 10 days. Up to 3 years later, degree and direction of functional and morphological asymmetries of deprived and control pigeons were analyzed. In control pigeons, the usual right-eye superiority was obtained in a visual discrimination task. In left-eye deprived pigeons, this behavioral asymmetry was strengthened, whereas the direction of lateralization was reversed in right-eye deprived birds. A morphological tectum analysis revealed that control and left-eye deprived pigeons displayed similar asymmetries, with the left-monocular deprived pigeons exhibiting more pronounced left-right differences. Tectal morphometry of right-eye deprived pigeons displayed a reversed pattern. Overall, the present study shows that a short period of posthatch monocular deprivation is sufficient to alter behavioral and morphological visual asymmetry for several years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Improved Sensitivity in the Thermal Investigation of Polymeric Nanophases by Measuring the Resonance Frequency Shift using an Atomic Force Microscope

A novel technique has been developed to measure thermal transitions of polymers with the atomic force microscope (AFM) in the non‐contact mode. The resonance frequency of the AFM cantilever is measured as a function of the temperature, and thermal transitions of a polymer are clearly visible as changes in the resonance frequency/temperature response curve. Using the AFM in this mode allows the determination of the thermal properties of a material at a specific spot on the sample, on a macromolecular scale. This adds a new dimension to the standard thermal analysis techniques, rendering it possible to resolve the individual thermal transitions of different polymer phases, for example in structured multiphase polymers.     

What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes immune (T, B, NK, dendritic), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, adipocytic cells, extracellular matrix, and cytokines/chemokines/soluble factors regulating various intracellular signaling pathways (ISP) in tumor cells. TME influences the survival/progression of prostate cancer (PC), enabling tumor cell immune-evasion also through the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We have performed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines, to investigate how the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is influenced by TME and ISPs. Tumor immune-escape mechanisms include suppression/exhaustion of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, inhibition of tumor suppressive NK cells, increase in immune-suppressive immune cells (regulatory T, M2 macrophagic, myeloid-derived suppressor, dendritic, stromal, and adipocytic cells). IFN-γ (the most investigated factor), TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-15, IL-27, complement factor C5a, and other soluble molecules secreted by TME components (and sometimes increased in patients’ serum), as well as and hypoxia, influenced the regulation of PD-L1. Experimental studies using human and mouse PC cell lines (derived from either androgen-sensitive or androgen-resistant tumors) revealed that the intracellular ERK/MEK, Akt-mTOR, NF-kB, WNT and JAK/STAT pathways were involved in PD-L1 upregulation in PC. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling by using immunotherapy drugs can prevent tumor immune-escape, increasing the anti-tumor activity of immune cells.     

Isolation and expression of the gene encoding mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) from the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis

A gene homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae AAC genes coding for mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers has been cloned from the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis. A probe obtained by PCR amplification from C. parapsilosis DNA, using primers derived from the conserved transmembrane region of yeast ADP/ATP carriers, was used for screening of the C. parapsilosis genomic library. The cloned gene was sequenced and found to encode a polypeptide of 303 amino acids that shows homology with other yeast and fungal mitochondrial ADP/ATP carriers. The gene was designated CpAAC1 and was able to complement the growth phenotypes of S. cerevisiae double deletion mutant (Δaac2; Δaac3). The expression of the CpAAC1 gene was reduced under semi‐anaerobic conditions and it was affected at normal aerobic conditions by the nature of carbon sources used for growth. Hybridization experiments indicate that C. parapsilosis possesses a single gene encoding a mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. The GenBank Accession No. for the C. parapsilosis CpAAC1 gene is AF085429. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Production of Leucrose by Dextransucrase

Dextransucrase can be used to synthesize the disaccharide leucrose from sucrose and fructose under appropriate reaction conditions. HPLC methods to analyze the reaction solutions and an enzyme activity test were developed to determine reaction kinetics and by-products in detail. As a result, a separate acceptor binding site at the enzyme was postulated to explain all aspects of dextransucrase catalyzed reactions. The unconventional immobilization method for dextransucrase by entrapment in calcium alginate beads showed good results concerning activity, efficiency and operational stability. The immobilization mechanism was investigated and the reaction conditions for leucrose formation were optimized. A surprising aspect was the finding, that yields and selectivity were much improved by reactions in ice. Referring to technical application of leucrose formation, the productivity of a continuous process proved to be optimal in a tubular reactor; it compares favorably with a discontinuous use of the immobilized enzyme.