正弦波下砂岩ms级损伤预测模型

为获得毫秒(ms)级正弦波损伤变量预测模型,对岩样在不破坏情况下进行了不同波形不同频率的轴向力加卸载试验。提出了不同步时间段的定义,进而获得不同峰值荷载下不考虑不同步时间条件下的动态泊松比分别与即时荷载、即时横向长度、即时轴向高度之间的线性关系,从而得到线性关系中系数与峰值荷载间的拟合公式,即可联立不同已知条件,通过少量几个加载力峰值下的试验数据,对任意峰值荷载下动态泊松比与相关参数间的线性关系进行预测。以此为基础研究得到,在误差允许的范围内,采用动态泊松比与即时横向长度的线性关系,推导出体积应变、损伤变量的计算公式和方法,可以很好地对加卸载过程中岩样的体积应变、损伤的变化做出ms级的精确预测,也为在已知少量循环试验下获得岩石动态参数,即可对ms级的损伤进行精确预测的模型提供了方法。     

基于Monte Carlo法的黄土二维微观结构模型构建

从微观尺度研究土的力学行为是揭示其力学机理的一种有效途径,为此首先建立其微观结构模型。目前常通过光学显微镜或者扫描电镜图像获取黄土的微观结构,但将其直接用于二维建模时,存在颗粒悬浮和叠置的问题。基于黄土的颗粒累积分布曲线和实际颗粒形态,提出了一种随机生成其二维微观结构模型的方法。首先将颗粒累积分布曲线按粒径范围分为若干区间,从各区间上随机抽取粒径值,形成满足其粒径分布的粒径数据库;再根据黄土颗粒的微观图像建立颗粒的形态数据库。从这2个数据库中随机抽取颗粒粒径和形态,生成具有随机大小、形态的颗粒库。采用Monte Carlo法将这些颗粒在模型顶端随机投放,建立黄土的二维微观结构模型。该模型为黄土微观力学行为的分析提供了原型。     

水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响

为研究水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响,采用16个SBR反应器研究同周期内基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段EPS含量的变化以及总氮质量浓度、IC/TN、COD/TN对于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响.结果表明,同周期内,基质利用阶段的EPS含量不断升高,基质匮乏阶段EPS含量不断降低;总氮质量浓度为35~280 mg/L时,提高总氮质量浓度可以提高EPS的含量,总氮质量浓度280 mg/L时EPS含量有所减少;IC/TN为0.01~0.2时,EPS及其各组分含量随无机碳质量浓度的升高而增加,IC/TN0.2时,无机碳质量浓度对于EPS及其各组分含量无明显影响;COD/TN0.5时,有机物对于EPS含量具有促进作用,COD/TN0.5时,有机物的提高对于EPS含量有抑制作用.在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺的实际运行过程中,应避免过长的基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段,总氮质量浓度应保持在150~210 mg/L,无机碳质量浓度应保持在IC/TN为0.1~0.2,有机物质量浓度应保持在COD/TN0.5.     

Numerical simulation of the multicomponent mass transfer during Bridgman growth of CdZnTe crystal using Maxwell-Stefan diffusion model

To reveal the complicated mechanism of the multicomponent mass transfer during the growth of ternary compound semiconductors, a numerical model based on Maxwell-Stefan equations was developed to simulate the Bridgman growth of CdZnTe crystal. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients in the melt were estimated. Distributions of Zn, Cd, and Te were calculated with variable ampoule traveling rate and diffusion coefficients. The experimental results show that Zn in melt near the growth interface decreases and diffuses from the bulk melt to the growth interface. For Cd, the situation is just the opposite. The coupling effects of Zn and Cd diffusions result in an uphill diffusion of Te at the beginning of the growth. Throughout the growth, the concentration of Te in the melt keeps low near the growth interface but high far from the growth interface. Increasing the ampoule traveling rate will aggravate the segregation of Zn and Cd, and hence deteriorate the uniformity of Te. We also find that not only the diffusion coefficients but also the ratios between them have significant influence on the species diffusions.     

New soft morphological parameterized symmetric logarithmic image processing filtering algorithm

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging has the inherent random speckle noise, which seriously affects the quality of the SAR image, and it is very important to study the suppression of the speckle noise. In view of the fact that the traditional spot noise suppression method could not remove speckle noise while protecting the image texture information, a novel filtering algorithm is proposed based on the soft morphological and parameterized symmetric logarithmic image processing model. The proposed algorithm combines the flexibility of the order-statistic soft morphological operations and the characteristic of the parameterized symmetric logarithmic image processing model which establishes a parameterized symmetric structure processing part of the image, which can suppress speckle noise while protecting the texture information on the image. In order to validate the despecking performance of the proposed algorithm, we compare the effect of the filter with some of the existing filtering algorithms, and use some of the image evaluation parameters of the suppress speckle noise image to evaluate the performance of the SMPSLIP filtering algorithm. Experimental results show the effectiveness of this algorithm.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Poly (butylene succinate-co-triethylene glycol succinate)Copolymers

Novel biodegradable aliphatic polyesters,poly(butylene succinate-co-triethylene glycol succinate)(P(BS-co-TEGS))and poly(butylene succinate)(PBS),were synthesized through a two-step procedure of esterification and polycondensation with succinic acid and1,4-butanediol/triethylene glycol as raw materials as well as tetrabutyl titanate and diphenylphosphinic acid as the co-catalysts.The chemical structure and molecular weight of the copolymers were characterized by 1~H nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H NMR)and gel permeation chromatography(GPC),respectively.In addition,thermal properties,crystal structure and mechanical properties were also analyzed with various techniques.P(BS-co-TEGS)exhibited more excellent mechanical properties than PBS,especially in elongation at break.Meanwhile,the crystal structure and thermal stability of the P(BS-co-TEGS)have hardly changed.The crystallinity of P(BS-co-TEGS)was lower than that of PBS and decreased with the increase of mole ratio of triethylene glycol.With the increase of TEGS unit molar composition,the melting point(T_m),crystallization temperatures(T_c)and heat of fusion(ΔH_m)of P(BS-co-TEGS)decreased,while glass transition temperature(T_g)increased.     

办公建筑中空调形式对室内外PM2.5浓度相关性的影响

室外PM2.5可通过新风及围护结构缝隙渗透至室内,室外PM2.5较高时尤为明显,结果导致室内空气中的PM2.5浓度上升。为了研究空调形式对室内外PM2.5浓度相关性的影响,在2015年夏季对重庆某办公建筑中采用不同空调形式的室内外PM2.5浓度进行了实测。实测结果发现：集中式空调、分体式空调和非空调房间室内外PM2.5浓度比变化范围分别为0.59～0.76、0.47～0.76、0.71～0.91。室内外PM2.5浓度相关性系数的排序为：集中式空调环境（0.94）> 非空调环境（0.92）> 分体式空调环境（0.77）,研究结果表明,办公建筑的空调形式,对室内外PM2.5浓度的相关性有影响。     

利用测距值优化的室内三维定位算法

为了解决实际误差分布与假设误差分布不匹配导致最小二乘三维定位算法精度较低的问题,提出一种基于测距值优化的最小二乘室内三维定位算法.结合残差修正、Cayley-Menger行列式及空间四面体几何约束,利用非线性规划方法优化测距值,使测距误差符合高斯分布特性,从而提高最小二乘三维定位算法的定位精度.实验对比分析结果显示,所提算法具有较高的定位精度及稳定性.     

高亲水低黄变超软滑嵌段硅油R4的应用研究

用R4分别在纯棉织物、丝光棉、CVC上进行整理,用量为50 g/L~90 g/L;手感可达5级,柔软、滑爽、细腻,肤感强;黄变和色变小;亲水性小于1 s,能达到"瞬间亲水"。与市售柔软剂相比手感高半级以上,亲水性好。同时,R4稳定性好,配伍性强。     

唑类化合物双氢键催化转酰胺反应的机制研究

通过密度泛函M062X方法在6-31+G(d)基组水平上考察乙酰胺与甲胺在唑类化合物咪唑、吡唑和苯并三唑双氢键催化作用下的转酰胺反应机制。在该机制中,催化剂通过与底物乙酰胺的羰基氧以及氨基上的一个氢形成双氢键来活化其酰胺键,从而有利于亲核试剂甲胺对乙酰胺酰胺键的亲核进攻。计算结果显示,咪唑和吡唑催化的转酰胺反应焓变能垒分别是123.9 kJ·mol-1和92.3 kJ·mol-1,而苯并三唑做催化剂时焓变能垒降低为88.3 kJ·mol-1,其催化效果优于咪唑和吡唑。当运用溶质全电子密度溶剂化模型SMD (solvation model density)来考察甲苯和水作为溶剂对苯并三唑催化的转酰胺反应产生的溶剂效应时,发现溶剂的加入使反应焓变能垒明显升高,说明溶剂的加入并不利于反应的进行