Buss-Durkee assessment and validation with violent versus nonviolent chronic alcohol abusers.

26 male 27–47 yr old chronic alcohol abusers who had been violent while intoxicated and 25 male 34–52 yr old nonviolent alcohol abusers were administered the Buss-Durkee Hostility-Guilt Inventory. All Ss were Caucasians with a reported daily intake of ethanol of 227 ml?±?89 ml for at least the last 5 yrs. Violence was documented by police records and by patient and family reports. Violent drinkers scored significantly higher than controls on the Total Hostility score and on subscales measuring Assault, Irritability, Verbal Hostility, Indirect Hostility, and Resentment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Analytical simulation models for solar heating system design

Presented here is a method of simulating the performance of solar heating systems which can be incorporated into a microcomputer-based system design and sizing procedure. A general analytical solution to the storage energy balance is presented, and a scheme for varying the parameters of the general solution to represent changes in the operating mode and the driving forces is detailed. Three different simulation methods which employ the general solution are described. Two of these methods use hourly data and the third uses daily data. Measured results from an actual system are compared with simulated results to validate the models. Also, simulated results and computing speeds are compared with the general simulation model TRNSYS. Finally, an example of a microcomputer application is discussed.     

What do people value when they negotiate? Mapping the domain of subjective value in negotiation.

Four studies support the development and validation of a framework for understanding the range of social psychological outcomes valued subjectively as consequences of negotiations. Study 1 inductively elicited and coded elements of subjective value among students, community members, and practitioners, revealing 20 categories that theorists in Study 2 sorted into 4 underlying subconstructs: Feelings About the Instrumental Outcome, Feelings About the Self, Feelings About the Negotiation Process, and Feelings About the Relationship. Study 3 proposed a new Subjective Value Inventory (SVI) and confirmed its 4-factor structure. Study 4 presents convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity data for the SVI. Indeed, subjective value was a better predictor than economic outcomes of future negotiation decisions. Results suggest the SVI is a promising tool to systematize and encourage research on subjective outcomes of negotiation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Milkyway:纳长IC设计的基础出数据库

引言 多年以来,设计者使用基于相互分立的应用设计流程来解决设计问题,这些应用通过ASCⅡ设计数据在彼此之间的翻译转换以建立链接.在设计流程中,如果采用这一方法向下进行,就会严重阻碍整个设计流程的进展,而且ASCⅡ设计数据的翻译转换工作本身就十分容易产生错误.尽管这种方法能够生成切合设计团队需求的设计流程,但创建和维护这样一个设计环境需要大量的时间和成本.     

A Sterol-Like Odorant in the Urine of Mozambique Tilapia Males Likely Signals Social Dominance to Females

Many species of freshwater fish with relatively simple mating strategies release hormonally derived sex pheromones in urine. However, it is not known whether species with more complex reproductive strategies use specialized urinary chemical signals. We addressed this by using the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters 1852), a lek-breeding species in which males establish dominance hierarchies and visiting females mate preferentially with territorial/dominant males. We measured urination frequency of territorial males in social isolation and in the presence of females that were either ready to spawn or had finished spawning. In groups of fish, we monitored the volume of urine stored in subordinate and dominant males to determine if urine volume and olfactory potency (by recording electro-olfactograms, EOG, in females) are related to the male’s social rank. Dominant, territorial males stored more urine than subordinates and released it in short pulses, the frequency of which increased in the presence of females ready to spawn but not in the presence of post-spawn females. Urine from subordinate and dominant males was fractionated by liquid chromatography and fractions tested for olfactory potency by using the EOG, with the most potent fraction analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The olfactory system of females was sensitive to a urinary compound that was more abundant in the urine of dominant males than in that of subordinates. MS analysis suggested the compound is a sulfated aminosterol-like compound with a formula of C₂₉H₄₀N₂O₁₀S. Therefore, we suggest that dominant/territorial tilapia males dramatically increase urination frequency in the presence of females ready to spawn and that the urinary odorant acts as a pheromonal signal of dominance, thereby influencing female spawning.     

Charge-associated effects of fullerene derivatives on microbial structural integrity and central metabolism

The effects of four types of fullerene compounds (C60, C60-OH, C60-COOH, C60-NH2) were examined on two model microorganisms (Escherichia coli W3110 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1). Positively charged C60-NH2 at concentrations as low as 10 mg/L inhibited growth and reduced substrate uptake for both microorganisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damage to cellular structures. Neutrally charged C60 and C60-OH had mild negative effects on S. oneidensis MR-1, whereas the negatively charged C60-COOH did not affect either microorganism's growth. The effect of fullerene compounds on global metabolism was further investigated using [3-13C]L-lactate isotopic labeling, which tracks perturbations to metabolic reaction rates in bacteria by examining the change in the isotopic labeling pattern in the resulting metabolites (often amino acids).1-3 The 13C isotopomer analysis from all fullerene-exposed cultures revealed no significant differences in isotopomer distributions from unstressed cells. This result indicates that microbial central metabolism is robust to environmental stress inflicted by fullerene nanoparticles. In addition, although C60-NH2 compounds caused mechanical stress on the cell wall or membrane, both S. oneidensis MR-1 and E. coli W3110 can efficiently alleviate such stress by cell aggregation and precipitation of the toxic nanoparticles. The results presented here favor the hypothesis that fullerenes cause more membrane stress 4-6 than perturbation to energy metabolism.7.     

"Hairy" single-walled carbon nanotubes prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization

"Hairy nano-objects" are hybrid nanostructures comprising a core surrounded by a "hairlike" corona of flexible polymer chains, the role of which is typically to improve the solubility of the core material or to improve its dispersability and adhesion in other polymer matrices. Both aspects could be particularly useful with carbon nanotubes, especially in their applications as reinforcing agents. The controlled synthesis of hairy carbon nanotubes is accomplished by chemical modification with 2-bromopropionate followed by extension with poly(n-butyl acrylate) through atom transfer radical polymerization. The obtained hairy nanotubes are visualized at nearly molecular resolution with tapping-mode atomic force microscopy, providing insight into the uniformity of grafted chain lengths and grafting density. The grafting densities vary from approximately 1.0-10.0 chains nm(-1) along the nanotubes. Such a wide range of grafting density may indicate some chemical heterogeneity along and between the nanotubes; it may be also an indication of the challenges associated with carrying out chemical modification of nano-objects having high tendency to aggregate.