On ℤ2ℤ2[u]-additive codes

In this paper, a new class of additive codes which is referred to as ?₂ ?₂[u]-additive codes is introduced. This is a generalization towards another direction of recently introduced ?₂ ?₄-additive codes [J. Borges, C. Fernández-Córdoba, J. Pujol, J. Rif´a, and M. Villanueva, ?₂ ?₄-linear codes: Generator matrices and duality, Designs Codes Cryptogr. 54(2) (2010), pp. 167–179]. ?₂ ?₄-additive codes have shown to provide a promising class of codes with their algebraic structure and applications such as steganography. The standard generator matrices are established and by introducing orthogonality the parity-check matrices are also obtained. A MacWilliams-type identity that relates the weight enumerator of a code with its dual is proved. Furthermore, a Gray map that maps these codes to binary codes is defined and some examples of optimal codes which are the binary Gray images of ?₂ ?₂[u]-additive codes are presented.     

Three-qubit Grover’s algorithm using superconducting quantum interference devices in cavity-QED

We present a scheme for the implementation of three-qubit Grover’s algorithm using four-level superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) coupled to a superconducting resonator. The scheme is based on resonant, off-resonant interaction of the cavity field with SQUIDs and application of classical microwave pulses. We show that adjustment of SQUID level spacings during the gate operations, adiabatic passage, and second-order detuning are not required that leads to faster implementation. We also show that the marked state can be searched with high fidelity even in the presence of unwanted off-resonant interactions, level decay, and cavity dissipation.     

Performance analysis of multimedia based web traffic with QoS constraints

During the recent years, there has been a tremendous growth in the development and deployment of multimedia based networked applications such as video streaming, IP telephony, interactive games, among others. These applications, in contrast to elastic applications such as email and data sharing, are delay and delay jitter sensitive but can tolerate certain level of packet loss. A vital element of end-to-end delay and delay jitter is the random queueing delays in network switches and routers. Analysis of robust mechanisms for buffer management at network routers needs to be carried out in order to reduce end-to-end delay for traffic generated by multimedia applications. In this context, a threshold based buffer management scheme for accommodating multiple class multimedia traffic in network routers has been analysed. This technique effectively controls the allocation of buffer to various traffic classes according to their delay constraints. The forms of the joint state probabilities, as well as basic performance measures such as blocking probabilities are analytically established at equilibrium. Typical numerical experiments are included to illustrate the credibility of the proposed mechanism in the context of different quality of service (QoS) grades for various network traffic classes. This model, therefore, can be used as a powerful tool to provide a required grade of service to a particular class of multimedia based web traffic in any heterogeneous network.     

Potentiometric urea biosensor based on BSA embedded surface modified polypyrrole film

A potentiometric biosensor based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) embedded surface modified polypyrrole has been developed for the quantitative estimation of urea in aqueous solution. The enzyme, urease (Urs), was covalently linked to free amino groups present over the BSA embedded modified surface of the conducting polypyrrole film electrochemically deposited onto an indium–tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate. The biosensor has been characterized by UV–visible, infrared spectroscopy and SEM. Potentiometric and spectrophotometric response of the enzyme electrode (Urs/BSA-PPy/ITO) were measured as a function of urea concentration in Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.0). It has been found that the electrode responds to low urea concentration with wider range of detection. The electrode showed a linear response range of 6.6 × 10⁻⁶ to 7.5 × 10⁻⁴ M urea. The response time is about 70–90 s reaching to a 95% steady-state potential value and 75% of the enzyme activity is retained for about 2 months. These results indicate an efficient covalent linkage of enzyme to free amino groups of the BSA molecules over the surface of polypyrrole film, which leads to high enzyme loading, an increased lifetime stability of the electrode and an improved wide range of detection of low urea concentration in aqueous solution.     

Performance evaluation of dynamic probabilistic broadcasting for flooding in mobile ad hoc networks

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), flooding is a required message dissemination technique for network-wide broadcast. The conventional blind flooding algorithm causes broadcast storm problem, a high number of unnecessary packet rebroadcasts thus resulting in high contention and packet collisions. This paper proposes a new probabilistic approach that dynamically fine-tunes the rebroadcasting probability of a node for routing request packets (RREQs) according to the number of neighbour nodes. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach for the ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol and compared against the blind flooding, fixed probabilistic and adjusted probabilistic flooding [L.M.M.M. Bani-Yassein, M. Ould-Khaoua et al., Performance analysis of adjusted probabilistic broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks, International Journal of Wireless Information Networks 13(2) (2006) 127–140; M.B. Yassein, M.O. Khaoua et al., Improving route discovery in on-demand routing protocols using local topology information in MANETs, Proceedings of the ACM international workshop on Performance Monitoring, Measurement, and Evaluation of Heterogeneous Wireless and Wired Networks, Terromolinos, Spain, ACM Press, 2006, pp. 95–99.] approaches. The simulation results show that our proposed approach demonstrates better performance than blind flooding, fixed probabilistic and adjusted flooding approaches.     

Long Duration Persistent Photocurrent in 3 nm Thin Doped Indium Oxide for Integrated Light Sensing and In-Sensor Neuromorphic Computation

Miniaturization and energy consumption by computational systems remain major challenges to address. Optoelectronics based synaptic and light sensing provide an exciting platform for neuromorphic processing and vision applications offering several advantages. It is highly desirable to achieve single-element image sensors that allow reception of information and execution of in-memory computing processes while maintaining memory for much longer durations without the need for frequent electrical or optical rehearsals. In this work, ultra-thin (<3 nm) doped indium oxide (In₂O₃) layers are engineered to demonstrate a monolithic two-terminal ultraviolet (UV) sensing and processing system with long optical state retention operating at 50 mV. This endows features of several conductance states within the persistent photocurrent window that are harnessed to show learning capabilities and significantly reduce the number of rehearsals. The atomically thin sheets are implemented as a focal plane array (FPA) for UV spectrum based proof-of-concept vision system capable of pattern recognition and memorization required for imaging and detection applications. This integrated light sensing and memory system is deployed to illustrate capabilities for real-time, in-sensor memorization, and recognition tasks. This study provides an important template to engineer miniaturized and low operating voltage neuromorphic platforms across the light spectrum based on application demand.     

Improved aquila optimization-based parameter evaluation framework and meta-heuristic algorithm in radio-over-fiber SpatialMux multi-input multi-output long-term evolution system

In heterogeneous access network, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radio-over-fiber (RoF) system is an efficient approach for multiple signal transmission with low cost and complexity. The performance of RoF fronthaul system in MIMO system will be varied with different nonlinear effects. By adjusting various transmission parameters, such as the input signal power or the laser bias current, the nonlinear impacts produced by the RoF system can be reduced. In this paper, a novel algorithm Improved Aquila Optimization (IAO) is proposed to optimize transmission circumstances of MIMO RoF system. It determines the appropriate bias current for both lasers and Radio Frequency (RF) signal power in a short period. The input signals are wavelength multiplexed with Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) applied. The carrier as well as transmission frequency is governed by the MIMO-Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB, and the performance is evaluated. The experimental results show that fast convergence and trade-off between noise and nonlinearity are obtained with varying bandwidth. In the experimental scenario, the maximum Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of 1.88, 3.14, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3.204, and 2.698 was attained for both quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation. [Correction added on 24 April 2023, after first online publication: the SNR values were corrected in the preceding sentence.] For 100 iterations, the processing time was reduced to 0.137 s. When compared with the conventional state-of-the-art approaches, the accuracy and computational complexity of the proposed approach are improved.     

A Hybrid Reconfigurability Structure and Improved Gain Characteristics for a Novel 5G Monopole Antenna for Future Mobile Communication

Wireless Personal Communications - Mobile edge computation (MEC) is a potential technology to reduce the energy consumption and task execution delay for tackling computation-intensive tasks on...     

Scientific Workflow Makespan Minimization in Edge Multiple Service Providers Environment

The edge computing model offers an ultimate platform to support scientific and real-time workflow-based applications over the edge of the network. However, scientific workflow scheduling and execution still facing challenges such as response time management and latency time. This leads to deal with the acquisition delay of servers, deployed at the edge of a network and reduces the overall completion time of workflow. Previous studies show that existing scheduling methods consider the static performance of the server and ignore the impact of resource acquisition delay when scheduling workflow tasks. Our proposed method presented a meta-heuristic algorithm to schedule the scientific workflow and minimize the overall completion time by properly managing the acquisition and transmission delays. We carry out extensive experiments and evaluations based on commercial clouds and various scientific workflow templates. The proposed method has approximately 7.7% better performance than the baseline algorithms, particularly in overall deadline constraint that gives a success rate.