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91.
Rickard Öste Per Sjödin Margaretha Jägerstad Inger Björck Arne Dahlqvist 《Food chemistry》1985,16(1):37-47
The effect of Maillard reaction products on the digestion of carbohydrates was studied. Low molecular weight compounds from a glucose—lysine model reaction mixture were weak competitive inhibitors of lactase, invertase, maltase and trehalase in vitro, when tested at concentrations of 5–10 mg/ml. High molecular weight compounds from the reaction mixture were strong inhibitors of the same disaccharidases at considerably lower concentrations (1·4–2·8 mg/ml). However, when fed to growing rats in amounts up to 40 mg, the high molecular weight compounds failed to reduce the uptake of intubated lactose or sucrose. α-Amylase was not at all affected. 相似文献
92.
Inger Åhman 《Journal of chemical ecology》1986,12(6):1481-1488
The toxicities of selected host secondary plant substances to eggs of theBrassica specialistDasineura brassicae were estimated in a laboratory test. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) and 1-cyano-2-phenylethane, autolysis products of glucosinolates, were more toxic than a green leaf alcohol,cis-3-hexen-1-ol, found in numerous plant families. The most toxic compound, 2-phenylethyl ITC, occurs in all investigatedBrassica hosts ofD. brassicae. However, the less suitableBrassica hosts additionally release comparatively large amounts of allyl ITC. This suggests that even a crucifer specialist may be restricted in its use of particular hosts due to their compositions and concentrations of glucosinolate compounds.Diptera: Cecidomyiidae. 相似文献
93.
Arvidsson I Balogh I Hansson GÅ Ohlsson K Akesson I Nordander C 《Applied ergonomics》2012,43(6):1026-1032
Meat cutting is associated with several ergonomic risk factors and a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders. The development of new production systems points to an increased degree of mechanization; instead of subdividing split carcasses of pigs with a knife, the halves are trisected by an electrical saw into 'sixth-parts', resulting in shorter work cycles for the workers. Recently, machine-directed line-production systems have been implemented. This study evaluates differences in the physical workload between the production systems. The postures and movements (inclinometry and goniometry) and muscular load (electromyography) of workers in the split-carcass- (five subjects), sixth-part- (ten) and line-production systems (five) were recorded. Most measures showed a statistically significant trend of declining physical exposure with increasing degrees of mechanization. For example, movement velocities of the upper arm were higher in the split-carcass system (50th percentile: mean 209°/s) than in the sixth-part (103°/s) and line production (81°/s). However, the latter two were not statistically significantly different. A novel method for quantifying posture variation, based on inclinometry, showed that the split-carcass system implied the highest variation of the upper arm postures "within-minute" (i.e., a high range of motion each minute), but the lowest "between-minute" (i.e., a low variation during the course of the workday). In conclusion, the physical workload in the line-production system was significantly lower than in the split-carcass one, and tended also to be lower than in the sixth-part system. However, there may be disadvantages in line production, such as machine-directed work pace and shorter work cycles. 相似文献
94.
Petri Laukka Daniel Neiberg Mimmi Forsell Inger Karlsson Kjell Elenius 《Computer Speech and Language》2011,25(1):84-104
The majority of previous studies on vocal expression have been conducted on posed expressions. In contrast, we utilized a large corpus of authentic affective speech recorded from real-life voice controlled telephone services. Listeners rated a selection of 200 utterances from this corpus with regard to level of perceived irritation, resignation, neutrality, and emotion intensity. The selected utterances came from 64 different speakers who each provided both neutral and affective stimuli. All utterances were further automatically analyzed regarding a comprehensive set of acoustic measures related to F0, intensity, formants, voice source, and temporal characteristics of speech. Results first showed that several significant acoustic differences were found between utterances classified as neutral and utterances classified as irritated or resigned using a within-persons design. Second, listeners’ ratings on each scale were associated with several acoustic measures. In general the acoustic correlates of irritation, resignation, and emotion intensity were similar to previous findings obtained with posed expressions, though the effect sizes were smaller for the authentic expressions. Third, automatic classification (using LDA classifiers both with and without speaker adaptation) of irritation, resignation, and neutral performed at a level comparable to human performance, though human listeners and machines did not necessarily classify individual utterances similarly. Fourth, clearly perceived exemplars of irritation and resignation were rare in our corpus. These findings were discussed in relation to future research. 相似文献
95.
Sebastiano Di Bucchianico Anda R. Gliga Emma Åkerlund Sara Skoglund Inger Odnevall Wallinder Bengt Fadeel Hanna L. Karlsson 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2018,15(1):32
Background
Genotoxicity is an important toxicological endpoint due to the link to diseases such as cancer. Therefore, an increased understanding regarding genotoxicity and underlying mechanisms is needed for assessing the risk with exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth investigation regarding the genotoxicity of well-characterized Ni and NiO NPs in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and to discern possible mechanisms. Comparisons were made with NiCl2 in order to elucidate effects of ionic Ni.Methods
BEAS-2B cells were exposed to Ni and NiO NPs, as well as NiCl2, and uptake and cellular dose were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The NPs were characterized in terms of surface composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), agglomeration (photon cross correlation spectroscopy) and nickel release in cell medium (ICP-MS). Cell death (necrosis/apoptosis) was investigated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and genotoxicity by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (cytome) assay (OECD 487), chromosomal aberration (OECD 473) and comet assay. The involvement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium was explored using the fluorescent probes, DCFH-DA and Fluo-4.Results
NPs were efficiently taken up by the BEAS-2B cells. In contrast, no or minor uptake was observed for ionic Ni from NiCl2. Despite differences in uptake, all exposures (NiO, Ni NPs and NiCl2) caused chromosomal damage. Furthermore, NiO NPs were most potent in causing DNA strand breaks and generating intracellular ROS. An increase in intracellular calcium was observed and modulation of intracellular calcium by using inhibitors and chelators clearly prevented the chromosomal damage. Chelation of iron also protected against induced damage, particularly for NiO and NiCl2.Conclusions
This study has revealed chromosomal damage by Ni and NiO NPs as well as Ni ionic species and provides novel evidence for a calcium-dependent mechanism of cyto- and genotoxicity.96.
Reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors by a multifunctional diet is mediated via several branches of metabolism as evidenced by nontargeted metabolite profiling approach
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97.
Bengt Sandblad Jan Gulliksen Carl borg Inger Boivie Jenny Persson Bengt G ransson Iordanis Kavathatzopoulos Stefan Blomkvist sa Cajander 《Behaviour & Information Technology》2003,22(6):375-387
Work environment and occupational health problems of different nature are constantly increasing in computer supported work. Most efforts to improve the work environment are focused primarily on physical aspects, and to some extent on psychosocial aspects. Mental workload and cognitive problems are of a more complex nature, more difficult to measure and provide efficient solutions to, and are more seldom studied or solved. Solutions to work environment problems are usually applied to already existing work situations through improved equipment and work place design, health programmes, education, reorganizations, etc. The problems are seldom prevented by means of applying relevant methods early in the systems development process, before the artefacts have been designed and implemented. This paper, and the following papers of this special issue, will focus on the need to integrate different interdisciplinary methods at different phases in the development process of computerized support systems, with the ultimate goal to prevent work environment problems and decrease the health risks to the users. 相似文献
98.
Collaboration
uncovered: Exploring the adequacy of measuring university-industry
collaboration through co-authorship and funding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jonas Lundberg Göran Tomson Inger Lundkvist John Sk?r Mats Brommels 《Scientometrics》2006,69(3):575-589
Summary Analysing co-authored publications has become the standard way to
measure research collaborations. At the same time bibliometric researchers have
advised that co-authorship based indicators should be handled with care as a
source of evidence on actual scientific collaboration. The aim of this study is
to assess how well university-industry collaborations can be identified and
described using co-authorship data. This is done through a comparison of
co-authorship data with industrial funding to a medical university. In total
436 companies were identified through the two methods. Our results show that
one third of the companies that have provided funding to the university had not
co-authored any publications with the university. Further, the funding
indicator identified only 16% of the companies that had co-authored
publications. Thus, both co-authorship and funding indicators provide
incomplete results. We also observe a case of conflicting trends between
funding and co-authorship indicators. We conclude that uncritical use of the
two indicators may lead to misinterpretation of the development of
collaborations and thus provide incorrect data for decision-making. 相似文献
99.
Jonas Lundberg Anette Fransson Mats Brommels John Sk?r Inger Lundkvist 《Scientometrics》2006,66(1):183-197
Summary This study demonstrates that the choice of search strategy for article identification has an impact on evaluation and policy
analysis of research areas. We have assessed the scientific production in two areas at one research institution during a ten-year
period. We explore the recall and precision of three article identification strategies: journal classifications, keywords
and authors. Our results show that the different search strategies have varying recall (0.38-1.00) and precision (0.50-1.00).
In conclusion, uncritical analysis based on rudimentary article identification strategies may lead to misinterpretation of
the development of research areas, and thus provide incorrect data for decision-making. 相似文献
100.
This study provides a meta-analytic review of nonpharmacological interventions for late-life anxiety, focusing on treatment efficacy. Included in the analysis are studies in which a comparison was made either to a control condition or to another treatment. A total of 15 outcome studies, published or reported between January 1975 and January 2002, were identified involving 495 participants (mean age exceeding 55.0 years and a grand mean of 69.5 years) and providing 20 separate treatment interventions. The analysis indicated that psychological interventions were reliably more effective than no treatment on self-rated and clinician-rated measures of anxiety, yielding an effect size of .55. Maintenance of treatment gains (a minimum of 6 months follow-up) was insufficiently reported across studies to allow for a reliable demonstration of an overall estimate of long-term efficacy. It is concluded that psychological interventions produce significant improvements, but the analyses must be qualified by data limitations in the research synthesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献