Architectures for ATM network survivability and their fielddeployment

Future networks must offer extremely high levels of reliability because information has become critical to the continued well-being of society. This article shows the approaches to the survivable ATM network. The reliability requirements of future networks are discussed first. Development results of three typical restoration architectures (automatic protection switch (APS), self-healing network (SHN), and failure-resistant virtual path (FRVP)) for ATM networks are then shown. Next, we describe current progress in standardization activities. They also discuss open issues that must be resolved in future studies     

Development of a Compact-Sized Falling Needle Rheometer for Measurement of Flow Properties of Fresh Human Blood

A compact-sized falling needle rheometer with rapid operation and automatic flow analysis has been developed for viscometry of fresh human blood without anticoagulant. The volume of a fresh blood sample only needs to be 3 mL, and the measuring time is within 2 min after taking a blood sample from the human body. Measured flow properties of human blood are evaluated as a flow curve, that is, the relationship between the shear stress (τ) and shear rate (γ). Observed flow curves of fresh human blood show three typical fluid regions, that is, the Casson fluid region for a low shear rate range of 0 < γ > 140 s^?1, the transition region for a shear rate near 140 s^?1 < γ < 160 s^?1, and the Newtonian fluid region for a high shear rate range of 160 s^?1 < γ > 400 s^?1. Flow properties of human blood such as the yield stress (τ _y) in the Casson fluid region and the apparent viscosity (μ) in the Newtonian fluid region are measured, and they are compared between male and female blood. It is found that the range of human blood viscosity for males is (5.5 to 6.4) mPa · s, and for females is (4.5 to 5.3) mPa · s. The viscosities of male blood without anticoagulant show higher values than those of female blood. Human blood viscosities with anticoagulant show a lower value than that without anticoagulant. A linear relationship between the hematocrit value, that is, the volume percentage of red corpuscles in the human blood, and the apparent viscosity are observed for both male and female blood. This article is concerned with the flow analysis of fresh human blood viscosity without anticoagulant using a newly developed compact-sized falling needle rheometer.     

Observations of room-temperature excitons in InGaP/InGaAlP MQW structures

Room-temperature excitonic resonances in the optical absorption spectrum of InGaP/lnGaAlP multiquantum wells (MQWs) are observed for the first time. Well resolved heavyhole and light-hole excitons are observed at 100K. From the step-like structure of the absorption spectrum, the conduction-band discontinuity ?Ec is estimated to be 0.46 of the bandgap difference ?Eg.     

An experimental study on self-output-control characteristics of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades

In this short paper,we have treated the aerodynamic performance of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades experimentally.The test wind rotor has the tip diameter of 1.5 m and three two-dimensional NACA0018 blades of 0.15 m chord whose material is light,soft and pliable foam plastic for perfect safety.From the wind tunnel test,it is realized that the performance is manageable by the coning angle of the rotor blade.In the present case,an improvement of the performance in lower wind speeds is achieved by...     

Wireless transmission of power and information and information forcableless linear motor drive

In previous papers, the authors introduced the wireless transmission of power and information (WTPI) for realizing a future manufacturing system which is free from the complexity of wiring for the power supply or control. In extension from these studies, the authors have attempted to apply the linear-type WTPI for realizing the maintenance-free drive and the multimover operation of a moving coil-type linear motor. This paper describes the basic concept of the WTPI and the analysis on the performance of the WTPI configured in the linear shape, thereafter introducing the preliminary test result on a prototype of the cableless linear pulse motor (CLLPM) which was constructed by integrating a linear pulse motor (LPM) with the associated driver and the linear WTPI for noncontact motion transfer     

Nanosecond and femtosecond mass spectroscopic analysis of a molecular beam produced by the spray-jet technique

The spray-jet molecular beam apparatus enabled us to produce a molecular beam of non-volatile molecules under high vacuum from a sprayed mist of sample solutions. The apparatus has been used in spectroscopic studies and as a means of molecular beam deposition. We analyzed the molecular beam, consisting of non-volatile, solvent, and carrier-gas molecules, by using femtosecond- and nanosecond- laser mass spectroscopy. The information thus obtained provided insight into the molecular beam produced by the spray-jet technique.     

New proposal of reactivity coefficient estimation method using a gray-box model in nuclear power plants

A new method for estimating reactivity parameters, such as moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) and void reactivity coefficient (VRC), is proposed using steady-state noise data. In order to solve the ill-posed problem of reactivity parameter estimation, a concept of a gray box model is newly introduced. The gray box model includes a first principle based model and a black-box fitting model. The former model acts as a priori knowledge based constraints in a parameter estimation problem. After establishing the gray box and noise source models, the maximum likelihood estimation method based on Kalman filter is applied. Furthermore, it is shown that the frequency domain approach of the gray box model is useful in the case of VRC estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is shown through numerical simulation and actual plant data analysis.