Prenatal diagnosis of partial monosomy 13q associated with occipital encephalocoele in a fetus

The pre- and postnatal findings of a fetus with a de novo del(13)(pter-->q21:) and an occipital encephalocoele are described. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening at 19 weeks' gestation demonstrated a high level of 2.5 multiples of the median (MOM) and ultrasonography at 27 weeks' gestation showed severe intrauterine growth retardation, cardiomegaly, an occipital encephalocoele, and a calvarial defect. Genetic amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 46,XX,del(13)(pter-->q21:). The proband postnatally displayed additional abnormalities such as microphthalmia, hypertelorism, large low-set ears, and micrognathia. We discuss the association of central nervous system (CNS) malformations with 13q deletions and emphasize that pregnancies with neural tube defects warrant cytogenetic analysis, especially when additional fetal abnormalities and neonatal dysmorphism are observed.     

Measuring knowledge transfer between fields of science

In this paper we report on the results of an exploratory study of knowledge exchange between disciplines and subfields of science, based on bibliometric methods. The goal of this analysis is twofold. Firstly, we consider knowledge exchange between disciplines at a global level, by analysing cross-disciplinary citations in journal articles, based on the world publication output in 1999. Among others a central position of the Basic Life Sciences within the Life Sciences and of Physics within the Exact Sciences is shown. Limitations of analyses of interdisciplinary impact at the journal level are discussed. A second topic is a discussion of measures which may be used to quantify the rate of knowledge transfer between fields and the importance of work in a given field or for other disciplines. Two measures are applied, which appear to be proper indicators of impact of research on other fields. These indicators of interdisciplinary impact may be applied at other institutional levels as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Makespan estimation and order acceptance in batch process industries when processing times are uncertain

Batch process industries are characterized by complex precedence relationships between operations, which renders the estimation of an acceptable workload very difficult. A detailed schedule based model can be used for this purpose, but for large problems this may require a prohibitive large amount of computation time. We propose a regression based model to estimate the makespan of a set of jobs. We extend earlier work based on deterministic processing times by considering Erlang-distributed processing times in our model. This regression-based model is used to support customer order acceptance. Three order acceptance policies are compared by means of simulation experiments: a scheduling policy, a workload policy and a regression policy. The results indicate that the performance of the regression policy can compete with the performance of the scheduling policy in situations with high variety in the job mix and high uncertainty in the processing times. Correspondence to: C.V. Ivanescu     

The Generic Bilinear Calibration-Estimation Problem

We identify a very general, recurring pattern in a number of well known problems in biological and machine vision. Many problems are of a peculiar double-sided nature: One attempts to estimate certain properties of the environment using a certain type of equipment and simultaneously one attempts to calibrate the same equipment on the structure of the environment. At first sight this appears the kind of the chicken and the egg problem that might well prove to be insoluble. However, due to basic constraints that universally apply (e.g., the world is only three-dimensional), a solution—up to a certain class of ambiguity transformations—often exists. The more complicated the problem is, the less important the remaining ambiguity will be, at least in a relative sense. Many well known problems are special in that they can be cast in bilinear form, sometimes after transformation or the introduction of dummy variables. Instances include photometric stereo, photometric estimations (e.g., of lightness), local (differential) image operators, a variety of photogrammetric problems, etc. It turns out that many of these problems—and together these make up a large fraction of the generic problems in machine vision today—can be cast in a simple universal framework. This framework enables one to handle arbitrarily large (that is, not minimal, consistent configurations), noisy (thus inconsistent) date sets automatically. The level at which prior information (either of a deterministic or a statistical nature) is used (assumptions such as constant albedo, rigidity, uniform distributions, etc.) is clearly separated as an additional, typically nonlinear, stage.     

Das Blockieren einer Internet-Seite als strafbare Nötigung

Zusammenfassung  Aus der Sicht eines informationstechnischen Laien scheinen Denial of Service-Angriffe mit Online-Demonstrationen in keinem Zusammenhang zu stehen. Das Gegenteil ist der Fall, wenn durch derartige Angriffe der Anbieter einer Webseite buchst?blich lahm gelegt wird. Ob die an sich lautere Intention einer kritischen Meinungs?u?erung derartige Angriffe rechtfertigen kann, ist fraglich und besch?ftigt die Justiz. Der Verfasser dieses Beitrages bewertet den Sachverhalt eines Denial-of-Service-Angriffes strafrechtlich. Dr. jur. Jan Eichelberger, LL.M.oec. Rechtsreferendar am Kammergericht Interessenschwerpunkte im Gewerblichen Rechtsschutz, im Kapitalmarktrecht und im Recht der neuen Medien     

The Construction of Minimal DNA Expressions

We describe a formal language/notation for DNA molecules that may contain nicks and gaps. The elements of the language, DNA expressions, denote formal DNA molecules. Different DNA expressions may denote the same formal DNA molecule. We analyse the shortest DNA expressions denoting a given formal DNA molecule. We determine lower bounds on their lengths and explain how we construct these minimal DNA expressions.     

A unified approach to superresolution and multichannel blind deconvolution.

This paper presents a new approach to the blind deconvolution and superresolution problem of multiple degraded low-resolution frames of the original scene. We do not assume any prior information about the shape of degradation blurs. The proposed approach consists of building a regularized energy function and minimizing it with respect to the original image and blurs, where regularization is carried out in both the image and blur domains. The image regularization based on variational principles maintains stable performance under severe noise corruption. The blur regularization guarantees consistency of the solution by exploiting differences among the acquired low-resolution images. Several experiments on synthetic and real data illustrate the robustness and utilization of the proposed technique in real applications.     

Response Selection in Visual Search: The Influence of Response Compatibility of Nontargets.

The authors used visual search tasks in which components of the classic flanker task (B. A. Eriksen & C. W. Eriksen, 1974) were introduced. In several experiments the authors obtained evidence of parallel search for a target among distractor elements. Therefore, 2-stage models of visual search predict no effect of the identity of those distractors. However, clear compatibility effects of the distractors were obtained: Responses were faster when the distractors were compatible with the response than when they were incompatible. These results show that even in parallel search tasks identity information is extracted from the distractors. In addition, alternative interpretations of the results in terms of the occasional identification of a distractor before or after the target was identified could be ruled out. The results showed that flat search slopes obtained in visual search experiments provide no benchmark for preattentive processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Innovation Leaders Should be Controlled Schizophrenics

Innovating is a multi‐faceted process. In this paper, four different, yet intertwined aspects of this process are distinguished. The first aspect concerns the content of the innovation; a new product, a new technology or a new market. The second aspect concerns the group dynamics of the innovation team. The third aspect concerns seeing the innovation process as a creative process. And the fourth aspect has to do with leadership. Since these four aspects are simultaneously working together during the innovation process, the leaders of this process are working in a very difficult situation, as all four aspects need to be dealt with in different ways. Nearly all of them are, in one way or another, in conflict with one another. They may conflict in real actions, in time horizons (past, present or future) or in effect (positive reactions during market introduction do not garantee ultimate market success). This means that innovation leaders need to show a special kind of leadership. This leadership must be balanced, people‐focused and must include a high tolerance for ambiguity and paradoxes. They have to be nice and nasty at the same time. In short: innovation leaders should be some kind of controlled schizophrenics.