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991.
Huiping Hu Qiyuan Chen Zhoulan Yin Pingmin Zhang Lusheng Ye 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(13):793-797
The thermal decompositions of mechanically activated and nonactivated galenas were studied by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA)
at the heating rate of 10 K min−1 in argon. Results indicate that the initial temperature of thermal decomposition (abbreviated as T
di) in the TGA curves for different galenas decreases gradually with increased grinding time. The specific granulometric surface
area (S
G), the structural disorder, and the content of elemental sulfur of mechanically activated galenas were analyzed by an X-ray
diffraction (XRD) laser particle-size analyzer, XRD analysis, and the gravimetric method, respectively, which shows that the
specific granulometric surface area of mechanically activated galenas remains almost constant after a certain grinding time,
but the lattice distortions (ε) rise, the crystallite sizes (D) decrease, and the elemental sulfur contents of mechanically activated galenas increase with increased grinding time. The
results imply that the decrease of the initial temperature of thermal decomposition in the TGA curves for mechanically activated
galenas is mainly caused by the increase of lattice distortions, and the formation of new dangling bonds resulted from the
production of elemental sulfur of mechanically activated galenas with increased grinding time. Finally, the differences in
the thermal-decomposition reactivity between nonactivated and mechanically activated galenas were also discussed. 相似文献
992.
993.
Michael Fox Richard Hastings Scott Lovald Juan Heinrich 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2007,7(3):165-174
A failure analysis case study is presented for a two-piece aerosol containing tetrafluoroethane, commonly referred to as Refrigerant
134a. A gentleman was preparing to recharge the air conditioning system of an automobile when the bottom exploded off the
aerosol container, propelling the body of the aerosol container like a rocket, which hit the man in the eye and blinded him
in that eye. The aerosol was never connected to the air conditioner, therefore backpressure from the air conditioner (AC)
compressor was ruled out as a cause for the explosion. The objective of the study was to determine why the aerosol exploded.
Several recently developed test methods were used, including two types of heat-to-burst tests and a puncture chamber to measure
the pressure-versus-temperature behavior of aerosols. More common test methods were also used, such as water bath pressure
tests, hydro pressure burst tests, pneumatic pressure burst tests, hardness measurements, weight measurements, metallography,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and an accident scenario recreation. A semi-empirical
correlation between the hardness and weights of the container bottoms was used to determine the explosion temperature and/or
pressure. This semi-empirical correlation agrees in principle with an analysis of the explosion pressures using finite-element
analysis (FEA). The root cause for the explosion was determined to be a lack of strength of the bottom of the two-piece aerosol
coupled with heating the aerosol to temperatures significantly above room temperature. 相似文献
995.
996.
T. Tchen 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(3):235-236
It is demonstrated for X-ray diffraction from a bent crystal in the backscattering mode that the Bragg angle in the crystal
can differ from the value in vacuum by ∼10−2. This difference exceeds the angular width of the region of total reflection for the CuKα radiation backscattered from the (220) plane of a silicon single crystal. The Bragg law modified with allowance for the
refraction and crystal bending is presented. 相似文献
997.
The relation between the initial unbalance and the output signal of bridge circuits when acted upon simultaneously by the
physical factor being measured and the temperature of the surroundings when the bridge is supplied from a voltage or current
source is investigated. Analytic relations are obtained which explain the temperature dependence of the useful output voltage
under external physical action.
__________
Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 48–49, 2007. 相似文献
998.
Composite powder based on AlB has been obtained by crushing pieces of industrial-waste Al - B fiber composite material at room temperature. The original design of a high precision microhardness tester made it possible to estimate the properties of powder particles both in the near-surface layers and under them. The aluminum fraction in the powder was established to represent a new structurally nonhomogenous material with increased microhardness (1.5 GPa), which grows up to 4 GPa in the near-surface layers. This is caused by formation of defects and stable oxides on external and internal interfaces in the aluminum matrix during crushing. To optimize the process of AlB powder sintering, adhesion on clean and real Al - B and Al/Al interfaces at various temperatures was investigated. By sintering at 910 K, new ceramic materials have been obtained with a density of 2200 kg/m3 and a strength of 90 MPa. 相似文献
999.
M. Del C. Ruiz J. A. González J. B. Rivarola 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2004,35(3):439-448
The mechanism and kinetics of β-Ta2O5 chlorination, mixed with sucrose carbon, have been studied by a thermogravimetric technique. The investigated temperature
range was 500 °C to 850 °C. The reactants and reaction residues were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method for surface area (BET). The effect of various experimental parameters
was studied, such as carbon percentage, temperature, chlorine partial pressure, and flow, use of the multiple sample method,
and carbon previous oxidation. The carbon percentage and previous treatment have an effect on the system reactivity. The temperature
has a marked effect on the reaction rate. In the 500 °C to 600 °C temperature interval, the apparent activation energy is
144 kJ/mol of oxide, while at higher temperatures, the activation energy decreases. With high chorine partial pressures, the
order of reaction is near zero. The kinetic contractile plate model, X=kt, considering carbon oxidation as the controlling stage, is the one with the best fit to the experimental data. A probable
mechanism for the carbochlorination of β-Ta2O5 is proposed: (1) activation of chlorine on the carbon surface, (2) chlorination of Ta2O5, (3) oxidation of carbon, and (4) recrystallization of β-Ta2O5. 相似文献
1000.
B. Dagens A. Martinez D. Make O. Le Gouezigou J.-G. Provost V. Sallet K. Merghem J.-C. Harmand A. Ramdane B. Thedrez 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(5):971-973
Among the new semiconductor materials for telecom devices, the GaInNAs-GaAs structure presents interesting properties for low-cost applications, like high differential gain and high T/sub 0/. Another key aspect of the performance is the behavior of the GaInNAs-GaAs based lasers under high bit rate direct modulation. Here, we demonstrate the dynamic capabilities of GaInNAs-GaAs three-quantum-well ridge structure through 2.5-Gb/s directly modulated laser emission and transmission on standard fiber, in the temperature range 25/spl deg/C-85/spl deg/C. Besides transmission is demonstrated up to 10 Gb/s at 25/spl deg/C on the same fiber, without penalty and bit-error-rate floor. 相似文献