壳聚糖/蒙脱石复合絮凝剂的絮凝机理研究

通过对蒙脱石壳聚糖复合絮凝剂进行正交实验,证明不仅二者对絮凝的效果产生极为显著的影响,而且二者的交互作用对絮凝的效果也有极为显著的影响。通过测量复合絮凝剂的Zeta电位,以及处理废水时的扫描电镜图,可以得知复合絮凝剂的电性和分子结构变化,可以初步推断出蒙脱石与壳聚糖在复合絮凝剂中的作用,以及二者交互作用产生的原因。     

Study on volume ratio and plasticizer screening of free coating membranes composed of ethyl cellulose and chitosan

The aim of this study was to optimize the formula of free blended coating membrane of ethyl cellulose (EC) and chitosan (CS), including their suitable ratio range and the best plasticizer used. The dry films were produced by a casting/solvent evaporation method, with different volume ratio of EC and CS solution plasticized by various plasticizers, respectively. The wet films were prepared by immersing dry films in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 24 h. The promising ratio range of EC/CS was below 20/5 or 20/6 with various plasticizer, which was determined by comparing the viscosity of the blended solutions and the morphology of the blended films. The efficiency of plasticization was evaluated by measuring glass transition temperature (T_g). All the testing plasticizers have good compatibility with EC or CS and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) have the strongest efficiency inducing the lowest T_g (39.9°C) of the film. Mechanical properties were evaluated by the ratio of tensile strength (T) to elastic modulus (E). In the wet state, the films with DBP had the highest T/E value (1.2). The results of leaching of plasticizers also verified that DBP was the most stable plasticizer in the films. The release rates of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) through the pellets coated with the blended films of EC/CS (20 : 6 v/v) plasticized by various plasticizers showed that the more water‐soluble the plasticizer was, the more quickly TMPP dissolved from the coated pellets, which further indicated that the water‐insoluble plasticizers (such as DBP) could be more applicable to keep the sustained or controlled release property of the blended films in wet state. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1932–1939, 2006     

油罐罐底失效分析与防腐密封

通过对一重油油罐泄漏情况的观察和分析,认为油罐罐底发生泄漏主要是由罐底外部腐蚀造成的。要延长油罐寿命必须严防油、水进入罐底,做好罐底钢板防腐,尽量减小罐底与混凝土基础间的缝隙,并使其与外界保持密封,防止空气交换。     

二维弹性问题线性单元边界元法奇异积分问题的处理

采用线性单元的二维弹性问题边界元法具有计算精度高的优点。但当点力所在结点与单元的端结点重合时,出现了奇异积分问题。本工作提出了解决奇异积分问题的一个方法,编制了二维弹性问题线性单元边界元法程序,并给出了两个算例。算例中讨论了角结点附近面力的处理问题。结果表明,本工作编制的边界元法程序是可靠的。     

底部局部辐射加热窑炉内温度场数值模拟

提出了底部局部辐射加窑炉内温度场数值分析的控制方程组，分别对平面加热及半圆柱形加热面两种算例进行了数值计算，得了影响烤花烤窑炉内温度场均匀性的主要因素和有加热面发射率，加热面形状，加热面相对位置及窑炉墙体热阻和墙体与外界的换热热阻。     

还原空速对Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂浆态床F-T合成性能的影响

在浆态床反应器中详细考察了合成气还原空速对微球状工业铁基催化剂还原和反应后的物相以及F-T合成反应性能的影响. 研究结果表明：空速能够影响铁基催化剂还原反应进程，催化剂在较高的空速下易被还原，还原后催化剂的比表面积降低，平均孔径增大. 在较低空速下还原时，还原形成的高的CO₂分压对铁物相有一定的氧化作用，使得还原态催化剂中的Fe³⁺(spm)含量增大. 还原空速对F-T合成烃产物分布影响不明显，但对催化剂的反应活性和运行稳定性影响较大，较低和较高空速还原后的催化剂失活速率均较高，适宜的还原空速为1.0～2.0 L•（g cat）^-1•h^-1.     

丙烯膜法脱水工艺技术的研究分析

传统的丙烯脱水工艺存在能耗高、丙烯浪费大、再生氦器气用量大等缺点。蒸汽渗透技术具有能耗低、过程简单、分离因子高、操作灵活等优点，而且它的渗透通量较低，这使得它特别适用于微量可凝组分的分离。本研究以脱除丙烯中微量水分为目的，以聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖为复合膜活性层，聚砜中空纤维膜为支撑层，制备出多种中空纤维复合膜。考察制膜条件及实验操作条件对膜性能的影响。     

加强产学研用深度合作,突出工程硕士工程实践能力培养

工程硕士专业学位教育强调工程性、实践性和应用性,旨在培养适应经济社会发展的应用型、复合型高层次工程技术和工程管理人才。兰州理工大学从培养方案修订、课程改革、实践基地建设、质量保障体系建立等方面对全日制工程硕士研究生的培养模式进行改革,加强产学研用深度合作,突出工程实践能力培养,取得了一定成效。     

Simulation of catalytic fluidized bed reactors by a transient axial dispersion model with invariant physical properties and nonlinear chemical reactions

This paper presents a transient axial dispersion model for an isothermal, catalytic fluidized bed reactor, which is frequently employed in synthetic production processes including coal gasification and liquefaction. A non-linear chemical reaction is considered to occur in the reactor. This model of a fluidized bed reactor takes into account the axial dispersion in the three phases, bubble, cloud-wake and emulsion. The physical properties along the axial coordinate are invariant in the model. Transient characteristics of the gas reactant, and the length of the transient period have been examined based on the model. The model compares favorably with experimental data in the steady state condition.     

消除图像伪轮廓的各向异性自适应滤波

摘要：目的：图像反差增强、重复量化、有损压缩等操作容易造成伪轮廓瑕疵,使原本平滑的区域呈现不真实的亮度和颜色跳变,损害图像质量。针对这一问题提出一种各向异性自适应滤波方法,用于消除伪轮廓．方法：首先检测图像中的边缘和平坦区,若边缘位于平坦区域则判定其为伪轮廓,得到一幅伪轮廓分布图．对伪轮廓上每一点计算两个特性：伪轮廓走向和分布密度,量化为8个方向和6种尺度,据此确定不同方向特性和不同尺度的滤波参数,选择相应的滤波器．为保护目标边缘不受损伤,在含有伪轮廓的图像中提取强度超过指定阈值的边缘,对其进行膨胀生成模板用以屏蔽滤波效果．结果：该方法能有效消除伪轮廓并保护真实边缘不受损伤。实验中采用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似度（SSIM）评估图像质量,结果表明,各向异性自适应滤波器特性优于其他方法．结论：消除伪轮廓的自适应图像滤波方法能消除因过度增强或不当量化造成的伪轮廓瑕疵,并保留真实边缘,提高图像的视觉质量.