Ti掺杂对NaAlH4储氢性能的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波赝势(PW-PP)方法,分别计算纯净以及掺杂Ti的NaAlH4和Na3AlH6的晶格结构参数、能量变化和电子态密度(DOS),分析比较Ti掺杂对NaAlH4和Na3AlH6储氢性能的影响。结果表明:Ti掺杂后的晶格结构比原纯净的NaAlH4和Na3AlH6稳定,且脱氢所需能量减少。Ti替代Na后,Ti吸引周围的H原子,使Al-H键变弱;Ti替代Al,Ti-H键比原Al-H键明显减弱,使掺杂后脱氢所需能量降低。通过对比分析Ti掺杂对NaAlH4和Na3AlH6结构和态密度的影响,得出Ti的催化作用主要发生在脱氢反应的第一步。     

氧化还原电位对低煤阶煤生物甲烷生成的影响

氧化还原电位（Eh）是煤层生物甲烷生成的重要控制因素之一。为了解其对煤层生物甲烷产出的影响以及产甲烷的动力学过程，在实验室采用-102 mV、-153 mV、-208 mV、-284 mV、-315 mV这5个氧化还原电位值，对河南义马低煤阶煤样品进行了生物甲烷模拟产出实验，采用气相色谱仪对不同反应阶段生成气体的成分及生成量进行检测，同时对菌种源中微生物进行培养计数。结果表明：①不同Eh条件下的实验均有甲烷的生成，氧化还原电位较低时产甲烷菌的繁殖更加快速，在-284 mV时生物甲烷的浓度最大，-102 mV时最小；②通过平板计数法，分析了产甲烷过程和细菌生长动力学机理--整个产甲烷生成过程也是微生物生长代谢的过程，间接证明了产气量大小变化的原因。结论认为，Eh对于煤层生物甲烷的生成具有重要的控制作用。     

Biochemical characterisation of an aminopeptidase with highest preference for lysine from Japanese flounder skeletal muscle

An aminopeptidase was purified from Japanese flounder skeletal muscle to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation and three chromatographies. The enzyme was approximately 100 kDa with isoelectric point of 5.7 as estimated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its optimum temperature and pH were 45 °C and 7.5, respectively. According to peptide mass fingerprinting study, the enzyme revealed high identity to a puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase. It had a broad specificity toward aminopeptidase substrates and preferred to hydrolyse Lys-MCA with k_cat/K_m of 8.1 × 10⁶ M^?1 s^?1, and the activation energy (E_a) of 72.5 kJ M^?1. Metal-chelating agents effectively inhibited the enzyme activity, and Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺ significantly restored the apoenzymatic activity dialysed by EDTA, whilst inhibitors to other proteinases did not show much effect. Furthermore, bestatin strongly inhibited its activity. These results indicate that the purified enzyme is a metalloaminopeptidase which would possibly contribute to free amino acids increase in fish muscle.     

Gradient microstructure of TC21 alloy induced by hydrogen during hydrogenation

Through melt hydrogenation, a gradient microstructure (α″ + α′)/(α + β_H) has been observed in TC21 alloy. The addition of hydrogen induces martensite transformation and increases the volume fraction of β. It is found that the absorption process of hydrogen atoms can be divided into melting and cooling stages. During cooling, the continuous absorption of hydrogen and the corresponding decrease of freezing point of melt extend solidification time of melt and lead to hydrogen enrichment in the upper of the specimen, which induces the formation of the gradient structure. The hydrogenated TC21 alloy shows higher thermoplasticity compared with the unhydrogenated TC21 alloy. The flow stress of the upper part of the hydrogenated alloy is lower than that of the center part. A gradual variation has been observed in the microhardness along the gradient direction due to variation in the microstructure. The microhardness of the upper surface drops about 45% with 14.6 at.%H.     

Dynamic foreground detection based on improved Codebook model

Foreground detection method based on improved Codebook algorithm is discussed in this paper: first of all, transform RGB colour space into YCbCr colour space to make chromaticity convergent, and cope with illumination changing. Second, search for the CodeWords matching with the pixel values of the YCbCr to update the algorithm, so as to ensure the foreground detection effect. Then apply random abandon value method to delete the CodeWords that have not been accessed for a long time, reduce memory consumption and improve processing speed. Finally, conduct experiments on the infrared imagery and the colour image, respectively, to make foreground detection. The results demonstrate that the model and algorithm presented in this paper can make better foreground detection and reduce memory consumption. Meanwhile, compare this method with other algorithms to prove its advantages.     

Highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production via MoSx/3D-graphene as hybrid electrode

Molybdenum sulfide (MoS_x) has recently emerged as a promising catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting that may replace the noble metal, such as platinum, as a cost-effective and high catalytic materials. It has been reported that two-dimensional structured MoS_x exhibit significant amount of exposed S-edge, which can be an active electrocatalytic catalyst for hydrogen production. However, the current reports mainly focusing on the planar electrode, where the catalyst utilization and the number of active sites are limited due to the lower exposed specific surface area (SSA) of supporting electrodes. In this work, we utilize the freeze-drying method to produce a porous three-dimensional (3D) structure assembled by graphene flakes. The as-prepared 3D graphene scaffold shows high surface area, high porosity while low density, which makes it as an ideal conductive electrode for supporting of MoS_x catalysts. Moreover, it was found out that the crystallinity of MoS_x, controlled by thermolysis temperature of thiosalts precursor ((NH₄)₂MoS₄), shows significantly influence the performance of HER. The optimized annealing temperature for the designed hybrid electrodes (MoS_x/3D-graphene) was found to create a lot of active sites, which facilitate the electrocatalytic performance for water splitting (overpotential of 163 mV @10 mA/cm² and a Tafel slope of 41 mV/dec). The study provides a potential material, which could pave the way for future applications of hydrogen energy.     

High‐Precision Temperature‐Controllable Metal‐Coated Polymeric Molds for Programmable,Hierarchical Patterning

Nanofabrication is an indispensable process in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Unconventional lithographic techniques are often used for fabrication as alternatives to photolithography because they are faster, more cost‐effective, and simpler to use. However, these techniques are limited in scalability and utility because of the collapse of preprinted structures during step‐and‐repeat processes. This study proposes a new class of temperature‐controllable polymeric molds that are coated with a metal such that any site‐specific patterning can be accomplished in a programmable manner using selective contact‐dewetting lithography. The lithography allows sub‐100 nm patterning, step‐and‐repeat processing, and hierarchical structure fabrication. The programmable feature of the lithography can be utilized for the structural coloring and shaping of objects. Large‐area programmable patterning, semiconductor device manufacturing, and the fabrication of iridescent security devices would benefit from the unique features of the proposed strategy.     

Improved electrochemical performance of a cyclic ultracapacitor using slurry electrodes under various flow conditions

A cyclic ultracapacitor is a promising energy storage device that can be used for grid energy storage. The cyclic ultracapacitor combines the advantages of both ultracapacitors and flow batteries, enabling rapid charging and large‐scale energy use. To improve the electrochemical performance under the flow condition, it is necessary to find a more electrical active material and design a flow cell that minimizes the resistance. In this study, we investigate the effects of changing the ratio of the active material in a slurry electrode under various operating conditions. Slurry electrodes were prepared with different ratios of active material and conductive additive but with a fixed electrolyte amount. Voltage–time curves of both a single and a stack‐flow cell in the constant‐current mode were obtained to analyze the relationship between the active materials ratio and the cell performance. Having more adsorption sites according to the active material amount is more important than increasing the electric conductivity by the conductive additive amount with regard to cell performance capabilities in a low resistance condition such as a non‐flow mode. However, higher electrical conductivity on a slurry electrode is more beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance in the stack‐flow mode, which has harsh resistance levels. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vitro culture of Boletus badius as a source of indole compounds and zinc released in artificial digestive juices

Food Science and Biotechnology - The objective of this study was to obtain the in vitro cultures of Boletus badius under controlled conditions and investigate the release of indole compounds and...