Microstructural characterization of Cu/Al composites and effect of cooling rate at the Cu/Al interfacial region

Cu/Al composites are of vital importance in industrial applications because of their numerous advantages. The influence of bond-ing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and morphology of ...     

一个具有物理意义的再结晶动力学模型的建立及验证

采用位错理论推导出了一个具有晶界迁移能、再结晶平均晶粒尺寸以及位错密度等材料物理参数再结晶动力学模型。用该模型验证了无间隙原子钢经不同形变量在630℃退火的再结晶过程。结果表明，该模型能很好地描述无间隙原子钢等温退火再结晶过程。     

Inhibition of pure iron by new synthesized tripyrazole derivatives in HCl solution

Inhibitory effect of some new synthesized tripyrazole compounds on corrosion of pure iron in 1 M HCl solution has been studied using weight-loss measurements and various electrochemical techniques polarization and impedance spectroscopy methods. The inhibiting action is more pronounced with N,N,N-tris[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl] amine (P1), and its inhibition efficiency increases with its concentration and attains the maximum value of 94% at the 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ M. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of iron was studied in the range from 298 to 353 K with and without P1 at 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ M. We note a good agreement between gravimetric and electrochemical methods potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polarization measurements show also that the compound acts mixed inhibitor. The catholic curves indicate that the reduction of proton at the pure iron surface happens within a pure activating mechanism. EIS measurements show the increase of the transfer resistance with the inhibitor concentration. The presence of the N,N,N-tris[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl] amine increases the inhibition efficiency and not caused a drastic change in its adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of P1 on the surface of iron in 1 M HCl obeys a Langmuir isotherm adsorption.     

Relation between impurities and oxide-scale growth mechanisms on Ni-34Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys. II. Influence of sulphur

The oxidation of presulphidized Ni-Cr alloys has been studied by taking into account the influence of the two distinct oxidation mechanisms described in part I of this article. Sulphur enters the Cr₂O₃ scale (in Ni-34Cr alloys) mainly as S^2– species, which at high temperatures increases the V_Cr content, and hence the oxidation kinetics. Sulphur is randomly distributed in the scale, except at the inner oxide-alloy interface, where intergranular microsulphides are analyzed in the oxide-scale zone. In the case of NiO, NiCr₂O₄, Cr₂O₃ oxide multilayers (in a Ni-20Cr alloy), sulphur in the S^2– state is distributed in the oxide layers or at Si-precipitate interfaces. Such a distribution leads to crack formation, especially during cooling.     

多程序点焊控制器的研制

本文主要介绍了多程序点焊控制箱的程序过程以及主控制器及调制器的工作原理，并采用了一种新型的触发电路代替传统的脉冲变压器，具有触发可靠、大功率、高精度、电路简单等特点。     

筒形件正旋隆起及旋压力三维有限元模拟分析

应用有限元软件MSC．Marc，对TC4筒形件热旋正旋成形过程进行三维弹塑性有限元模拟研究，建立起正旋成形的三维有限元计算模型，分析了旋压加工中隆起现象，计算了旋压力，得到了工艺参数对隆起及旋压力的影响关系。该模拟计算对于探索复杂的旋压成形规律具有重要意义。     

辽宁省水能资源开发利用管理现状分析

《辽宁省水能资源开发利用管理条例》自2010年实施以来,辽宁省水能资源开发规划、项目建设管理、安全生产监管、绿色小水电建设、安全生产标准化电站建设的各项规章制度已逐步建立并完善,水能资源管理能力得到显著提升,辽宁省水能资源开发利用管理逐步走上法制化、规范化轨道。本文对此加以介绍。     

Marketing Activities to Support ‘Moderately Novel’ Product Innovation: Insights from the Chemical Industry

Scholars often follow a contingency approach to study which marketing activities are suitable for a particular type of product innovation project, thereby making a distinction between incremental and radical innovation only. ‘Moderately novel’ projects, which have intermediate levels of newness, have therefore not been given due attention. This paper focuses on market intelligence generation and the creation of cross‐functional linkages as marketing activities that are important in the context of moderately novel product innovation. In addition, the organizational position of the marketers involved in these activities is dealt with. Based on the analysis of four successful projects in the chemical industry, we argue, firstly, that moderately novel innovation projects have their own particular sets of marketing practices and, secondly, that differences exist between projects aiming at a new market segment and projects in which novelty is not related to market segment but to other market dimensions. These differences are especially salient in early project phases. These findings are pertinent to research on the role of marketers in product innovation, and to the study of organizational ambidexterity.     

ILU预处理Newton-Krylov方法的潮流计算

由于电力系统修正方程组具有高维、稀疏的特点,本文提出将预处理Krylov子空间方法应用于潮流修正方程组的求解,形成预处理Newton-Krylov的潮流计算方法。结合ILU预处理方法,比较了最常用的3类Newton-Krylov方法求解潮流方程的计算效果。通过对 IEEE30、IEEE118、IEEE300 和3个Poland大规模电力系统进行潮流计算,结果表明：3类Newton-Krylov方法是电力系统潮流计算的有效方法,呈现出良好的收敛特性和计算效率。     

The Cost of Environmental Constraints in Traffic Networks: Assessing the Loss of Optimality

Increasing numbers of hard environmental constraints are being imposed in urban traffic networks by authorities in an attempt to mitigate pollution caused by traffic. However, it is not trivial for authorities to assess the cost of imposing such hard environmental constraints. This leads to difficulties when setting the constraining values as well as implementing effective control measures. For that reason, quantifying the cost of imposing hard environmental constraints for a certain network becomes crucial. This paper first indicates that for a given network, such cost is not only related to the attribution of environmental constraints but also related to the considered control measures. Next, we present an assessment criterion that quantifies the loss of optimality under the control measures considered by introducing the environmental constraints. The criterion can be acquired by solving a bi-level programming problem with/without environmental constraints. A simple case study shows its practicability as well as the differences between this framework and other frameworks integrating the environmental aspects. This proposed framework is widely applicable when assessing the interaction of traffic and its environmental aspects.