氧化锌阀片自动老化测试装置的研制

介绍了一种新型的自动老化试验装置,此装置可以在无人职守的情况下,对氧化锌避雷器阀片老化试验中的温度和功耗进行定期巡检,并可记录每一个阀片的老化时间及整个老化试验期间交流断电的次数和时间。它的研制为避雷器阀片的深入研究提供了高效、可靠的工具,同时也将老化测试装置提高到一个新水平。     

An Active Triggered Surge Protective Gap

A triggered surge protective device is designed and its discharge characteristics are studied.The experimental results show that the triggered surge protective device has excellent surge protective characteristics.When the gap distance is 5 mm,p · d is 90 Pa ·mm and without an active energy trigger circuit,the DC breakdown voltage of the triggered surge protective device is 2.32 kV and the pulse breakdown voltage is 5.75 kV.Therefore,the pulse voltage ratio,which is defined as the specific value of pulse breakdown voltage and DC breakdown voltage,is 2.48.With a semiconductor ZnO flashover trigger device and an active energy coupling trigger circuit,the pulse breakdown voltage can be reduced to 3.32 kV,the pulse voltage ratio is 1.43 and the response time is less than 100 ns.These results are helpful in laying a theoretical foundation for further studies on triggered surge protective devices.     

压敏电阻对冲击电流回路输出特性影响的仿真

为研究压敏电阻的非线性特性及其性能评估,建立了非线性压敏电阻冲击电流特性的仿真模型,并研究了压敏电阻对不同特征阻抗8/20μs冲击电流回路输出电流波形参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:①压敏电阻的动态电阻r对冲击电流波参数有较大影响,随着r的降低,冲击电流波前时间tf增加,逐渐趋于8μs,冲击电流波半峰值时间tt减小,逐渐趋于20μs,tt与tf之比tt/tf减小,逐渐趋于2.5;②冲击电流回路的特征阻抗Z越小,r对回路输出电流波形参数的影响越大,对压敏电压为471V的压敏电阻负载,当Z为0.35Ω且电流幅值从4A到10kA变化时,tf的变化幅度为4.75μs,tt的变化幅度为19.537μs,tt/tf的变化幅度为9.75;而当Z为1Ω时,tf的变化幅度为2.8μs,tt的变化幅度为3.54μs,tt/tf变化幅度为2.093;③得出了压敏电阻动态电阻和输出满足IEC和国家试验标准要求的8/20μs冲击电流要求的最小电流幅值的关系规律,由此得出在实际应用中,对于电流幅值范围较宽的压敏电阻冲击电流回路,为了提高冲击电流回路输出的效率,应采用分段设计冲击电流回路。     

建筑施工现场管理探讨

对施工现场开展有效的管理对于施工企业意义重大,科学的施工现场管理能帮助提高总体工程建设水平,节约各项施工成本,增强企业的效益,提高企业的市场竞争力,因此,对于施工现场的管理要进行系统性的深入研究。施工现场管理涉及的工作面十分广泛,要求施工管理人员具备综合的管理素质,并切实落实管理行为和细则,为施工质量提供根本性保障。     

ZnO压敏电阻在8/20μs脉冲电流作用下的动态伏安特性分析

测量及分析了ZnO压敏电阻在8/20μs脉冲电流作用下的动态伏安特性。ZnO压敏电阻的动态伏安特性曲线显示,电流上升曲线与电流下降曲线不重合,电流上升过程对应的电压高于电流下降过程对应的电压。分析认为,这种现象与ZnO压敏电阻在脉冲电压作用下的转移特性有关,并应用空穴诱导隧道击穿理论解释了这一现象产生的机制。     

Experimental Research of ZnO Surface Flashover Trigger Device of Pseudo-Spark Switch

Pseudo-spark switch（PSS） is one of the most widely used discharge switches for pulse power technology.It has many special characteristics such as reliability in a wide voltage range,small delay time,as well as small delay jitter.In this paper,the measuring method for the initial plasma of ZnO surface flashover triggering device of PSS is studied and the results of the measurement show that the electron emission charge is mainly influenced by trigger voltage,gas pressure and DC bias voltage.When the bias voltage increases from 2 kV to 6 kV with the gap distancc fixed at 3 mm,the electron emission charge changes from 2 μC to about 6μC.When the gap distance changes from 3 mm to 5 mm with the bias voltage fixed at 2 kV,the electron emission charge increases from 1.5 μC to 2.5μC.When the gap distance is 4 mm,the hold-off voltage of PSS is 45 kV at gas pressure of 2 Pa,the minimum operating voltage is less than 1 kV.So,the operating scope is from 2.22%to 99%of its self-breakdown voltage.The discharging delay time decreases from 450 ns to 150 ns when the trigger pulse voltage is 1 kV and the discharging voltage is changed from 1 kV to 12 kV.When the trigger pulse voltage is 6 kV,the discharging delay time is less than 100 ns and changes from 100 ns to 50 ns,and the delay jitters are less than30 ns.     

A Novel Crowbar Impulse Current Circuit for Testing the Switch-Type SPD

A crowbar impulse current circuit for testing the switch-type surge protective device （SPD） is presented. The crowbar circuit consists of a computer control circuit, a trigger voltage pulse generator, a main discharging switch, and a crowbar pseudospark switch. The active trigger technology was studied in the crowbar impulse current circuit. The circuit monitors the main discharging current and generates a trigger signal at a proper time for the crowbar pseudospark switch operation. The trigger characteristics of the main discharge switch and the crowbar pseu- dospark switch were investigated. By monitoring the preset applied capacitor voltage, the gap distance of the main discharging switch could be adjusted to ensure a discharging delay time less than 2 μs. Equipped with a surface ttashover trigger device made of high relative perimittivity dielectric material BaTiO3 （εr = 3460）, the discharge delay time of the crowbar pseudospark switch is less than 85 ns, and the minimum operating voltage is less than 1% of its self-breakdown voltage. With a storage capacitor of 9 μF , an inductor of 18 μH and a crowbar pseudospark switch, a load of 30 mΩ and an applied capacitor voltage of 40 kV, an impulse current waveform of maximum 25 kA was generated with a rise time and time to half peak value of 17.2 μs and 336μs respectively.     

MOV自动老化测试系统

研制了一种氧化锌电阻片试品老化的全程自动测试系统 ,它采用 windows环境下的可视化编程技术 ,可巡回检测各试品、记录老化试验时间、试验期间交流断电的次数与时间以及试品破坏的终止时间     

微机化测练考评系统的分析与设计

探讨了考评系统实现计算机化的主要工作,分析了有关的技术应用,并提出了该类系统的一种设计方案,为微机化测练考评系统的实现奠定了基础。     

全自动冲击电流测量控制系统

介绍了一种单片微机、工业控制计算机进行数据和波形管理的冲击电流发生器。采用由工控机、PLC、单片机、存储示波器和打印机等构成的全自动化测量系统。此系统可以产生 8/ 2 0、 4/ 1 0、 1 0 / 1 0 0 0等多种不同波形、幅值可调的冲击电流 ,可以任意设置放电电压 ,自动进行试品切换。采用了 Windows环境下的 VB语言开发专用软件 ,不仅可以在线显示示波图、记录峰值电压、放电电流和放电次数 ,还可以实时显示设备板面的工作状态等。电源部分配置了浪涌吸收装置 ,用来抑制电源回路中尖峰脉冲的干扰 ;测量部分采用了双电磁屏蔽 ,其电磁兼容性满足IEC及国家标准。