The effects of water soluble polymers on paper coating consolidation

The consolidation process of wet paper coating layers has been generally divided into several stages by the definitions of first critical concentration (FCC) and second critical concentration (SCC), however few works have been done on the kinetics of water expelled during drying and its influence on the critical concentrations. In this paper, the effects of three kinds of water soluble polymers, i.e., carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and modified coating starch, on the consolidation of model kaolin clay-latex coatings were investigated. On-line water evaporation loss rate, together with the level of FCC and time needed to reach FCC, was characterized. The results showed that water evaporation loss weight increased almost linearly with drying time during the initial wet coating layer consolidation stage. On-line water evaporation rate and the value of FCC decreased with water soluble polymers addition, while the time needed to reach FCC became longer. Among the three polymers studied, CMC was the most effective, then PVA and starch.     

贮藏温度对鲜切香菜营养成分和抗氧化活性的 影响

目的分析不同温度贮藏对鲜切香菜营养成分和抗氧化活性的影响。方法将香菜进行切割处理后装入保鲜盒,在4℃、10℃和20℃下贮藏,测定鲜切香菜抗坏血酸、叶绿素、可溶性糖、总酚、总黄酮含量和DPPH自由基清除率的变化。结果切割伤害会促进香菜抗坏血酸、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量迅速下降,与10℃和20℃相比,4℃低温贮藏的香菜抗坏血酸等营养成分的消耗速率最低。此外,切割还会诱导香菜多酚和类黄酮类物质的合成、积累及DPPH自由基清除率的上升,从而增强其抗氧化活性。与4℃和10℃相比,20℃条件下香菜的多酚类和类黄酮类物质积累最多,抗氧化活性最强。结论低温贮藏有利于维持鲜切香菜的营养成分,而高温贮藏会诱导鲜切香菜抗氧化活性的提高。     

Insight into the Enzymatic Degumming Process of Soybean Oil

An enzymatic degumming trial of soybean oil was carried out at a capacity of 400 tons/day by applying microbial phospholipase A₁ from Thermomyces lanuginosus/Fusarium oxysporum. When the pH was kept in the range of 4.8–5.1, less than 10 mg/kg of phosphorous content of The oil was obtained. The gum and oil were easily separated after centrifugation and the oil loss was minimal under the process conditions. Through analysis of phospholipids compounds in the gum by Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometer and phosphorous content, it could be seen that both glycerophospholipids and lysophospholipids existed with contents of 45.7 and 54.3%, respectively. The performance of enzymatic degumming was found to be related to the production of glycerophospholipids.     

Investigation into keyhole-weld pool dynamic behaviors based on HDR vision sensing of real-time K-TIG welding process through a steel/glass sandwich

To obtain a deep insight into keyhole tungsten inert gas welding,it is necessary to observe the dynamic behavior of the weld pool and keyhole.In this study,base...     

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Polymer Optical Fiber

Surface Plasmon Resonance （SPR） is a powerful technique for directly sensing in biological studies, chemical detection and environmental pollution monitoring. In this paper, we present polymer optical fiber application in SPR sensors, including wavelength interrogation surface enhanced Raman scattering SPR sensor and surface enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） probe.
Long-period fiber gratings are fabricated on single mode polymer optical fiber （POF） with 120 μm period and 50% duty cycle. The polarization characteristic of this kind of birefringent grating is studied. Theoretical analysis shows it will be advantageous in SPR sensing applications.     

Antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility of Cu-incorporated Ni–Ti–O nanopores on NiTi alloy

Nearly equiatomic nickel–titanium(NiTi) alloy is an ideal implant biomaterial because of its shape memory effect, superelasticity, low elastic modulus as well as other desirable properties.However, it is prone to infection because of its poor antibacterial ability.The present work incorporated Cu into Ni–Ti–O nanopores(NP–Cu) anodically grown on the NiTi alloy to enhance its antibacterial ability, which was realized through electrodeposition.Our results show that incorporation of Cu(0.78 at%–2.37 at%)has little influence on the NP diameter, length and morphology.The release level of Cu ions is in line with loadage which may be responsible for the improved antibacterial ability of the NiTi alloy to combat possible bacterial infection in vivo.Meanwhile, the NP–Cu shows better cytocompatibility and even can promote proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),up-regulate collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization when compared with Cu-free sample.Better antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility of the NP–Cu render them to be promising when serving as NiTi implant coatings.     

Enhanced thermal performance analysis of buried heat transfer tubes thermal storage system filled with microcapsule particles

The heat transfer enhancement performance of a phase change buried tubes thermal storage system is influenced by major parameters such as arrangement of heat transfer tubes, fin structure and fin geometry size. We developed a three-dimensional numerical model with two different arrangements and five different enhanced heat transfer structures respectively. For the sake of analysis the effects of arrangement of heat transfer tubes, fin structure and fin geometry size. In addition, we applied the enthalpy-transforming model to obtain the liquid fraction and location of the solid-liquid interface at different time in the phase change process. The numerical results show that the melting time of the thermal storage system model with a triangle arrangement is about 6.1% longer than that of the model with a square arrangement. Besides, the melting time of the model with 55 mm tube pitch is about 16.7% shorter than that of tube pitch with 60 mm. Moreover, the buried tube thermal storage system models with circle fins have the shortest melting time, which is 18 seconds. Melting time of the model with circle fins is about 40% shorter than that of the model with smooth tube. In addition, the melting time of the model with 3 mm fin thickness is 10 seconds, which is the shortest. The model with thicker fins means the shorter time of melting process. Moreover, the melting time of the model with 10.5 mm fin spacing is about 23.5% shorter than that of the model with 12.5 mm fin spacing, which is 13 seconds. In conclusion, the main factor of the melting time is the heat transfer area. It provides a guidance for the design and reconstruction of the type of heat storage structure.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Ytterbium Trichloride Complex with Proline

ＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓａｎｄＣｒｙｓｔａｌＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆＹｔｔｅｒｂｉｕｍＴｒｉｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅＣｏｍｐｌｅｘｗｉｔｈＰｒｏｌｉｎｅＭａＡｉ－Ｚｅｎｇ（马爱增）；ＬｉＬａｉ－Ｍｉｎｇ（李来明）；ＪｉｎＳｏｎｇ－Ｃｈｕｎ（金松春）；ＬｉｎＹｏｎｇ－...     

Soil improvement using electroosmosis with the injection of chemical solutions: laboratory tests

The electroosmotic improvement of silty clay using calcium chloride and sodium silicate solutions as injection materials was studied. A series of laboratory tests were performed on reconstituted samples in order to assess the probable effectiveness of electroosmotic treatment with injection. Results indicate that the two injection materials can be effectively introduced into silty clay by electroosmosis. Very stiff cemented soil, approximately 5–6?cm in diameter, surrounding the anode, was formed due to cementation reactions between the two injection materials and soil particles under the electric field. It is justified to assume that pozzolanic reactions were responsible for the formation of very stiff cemented soil. In addition to the area of very stiff cemented soil, the region of improvement was also expanded to the cathode, near which the undrained shear strength of soil was increased by an average of approximately 195%. It was also found that the technique of polarity reversal was unnecessary for the employment of calcium chloride and sodium silicate solutions as injection materials.     

A correlation between critical end-to-end distance for entanglements and molecular chain diameter of polymers

The critical molecular weight M_c of 36 flexible and semirigid polymers has been studied. A unique correlation between the critical end-to-end distance 〈R_c〉 for entanglements and the average polymer chain diameter D is found. This correlation is discussed in the light of the reptation concept.